This study aimed to understand the current landscape of USA-based disaster medicine (DM) programs through the lens of alumni and program directors (PDs). The data obtained from this study will provide valuable information to future learners as they ponder careers in disaster medicine and allow PDs to refine curricular offerings.

Two separate surveys were sent to USA-based DM program directors and alumni. The surveys gathered information regarding current training characteristics, career trajectories, and the outlook of DM training.

The study had a 57% response rate among PDs, and 42% response rate from alumni. Most programs are 1-year and accept 1-2 fellows per class. More than 60% of the programs offer additional advanced degrees. Half of the respondents accept international medical graduates (IMGs). Only 25% accept non-MD/DO/MBBs trained applicants. Most of the alumni hold academic and governmental positions post-training. Furthermore, many alumni report that fellowship training offered an advantage in the job market and allowed them to expand their clinical practice.

The field of disaster medicine is continuously evolving owing to the increased recognition of the important roles DM specialists play in healthcare. The fellowship training programs are experiencing a similar evolution with an increasing trend toward standardization. Furthermore, graduates from these programs see their training as a worthwhile investment in career opportunities.

This study analyzes disparities in initial health care responses in Turkey and Syria following the 2023 earthquakes.

Using Humanitarian Data Exchange, Crude Mortality Rates (CMR) and injury rates in both countries were calculated, and temporal trends of death tolls and injuries in the first month post- catastrophe were compared. World Health Organization (WHO) Flash Appeal estimated funding requirements, and ratios of humanitarian aid personnel in Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams per population from ReliefWeb and MAPACTION data were used to gauge disparities.

56 051 096 individuals were exposed, with Turkey having 44 million vs 12 million in Syria. Turkey had higher CMR in affected areas (10.5 vs. 5.0 per 10,000), while Syria had higher CMR in intensely seismic regions (9.3 vs. 7.7 per 1,000). Turkey had higher injury rates (24.6 vs. 9.9 per 10 000). Death and injury rates plateaued in Syria after 3 days, but steadily rose in Turkey. Syria allocated more funding for all priorities per population except health care facilities’ rehabilitation. Turkey had 219 USAR teams compared to Syria’s 6, with significantly more humanitarian aid personnel (23 vs. 2/100,000).

Significant disparities in the initial health care response were observed between Turkey and Syria, highlighting the need for policymakers to enhance response capabilities in conflict-affected events to reduce the impact on affected populations.

The 2023 Turkish-Syrian earthquakes, the most devastating in the region since 1939, heightened challenges in Syria’s health care system amid ongoing conflict, disrupting Gaziantep’s humanitarian aid supply route. The initial health care responses post-earthquakes in Turkey and Syria were analyzed through a descriptive study, where Crude Mortality Rates (CMR) and injury rates during the first week were calculated. The World Health Organization’s funding priorities and the ratio of humanitarian aid personnel in Urban Search and Rescue teams per population were assessed. Turkey had 4-fold higher earthquake exposure and experienced higher CMR and injuries per population, while Syria had higher CMR in intensely seismic regions. Temporal trends showed plateaued death and injury rates in Syria within 3 days, while Turkey’s continued to increase. Syria required more funding across nearly all priorities while Turkey had more humanitarian aid personnel per population. Significant health care response disparities were observed, emphasizing the imperative for policymakers to enhance initial responses in conflict-affected events.

This study analyzes disparities in initial healthcare responses in Turkey and Syria following 2023 earthquakes.

Using Humanitarian Data Exchange, Crude Mortality Rates (CMR) and injury rates in both countries were calculated, and temporal trends of death tolls and injuries in the first month post- catastrophe were compared. WHO Flash Appeal estimated funding requirements, and ratios of humanitarian aid personnel in Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams per population from ReliefWeb and MAPACTION data were used to gauge disparities.

56,051,096 individuals were exposed, with Turkey having 44 million vs 12 in Syria. Turkey had higher CMR in affected areas (10.5 vs 5.0/10,000), while Syria had higher CMR in intensely seismic regions (9.2 vs 7.7/1,000). Turkey had higher injury rates (24.6 vs 9.9/10,000). Death and injury rates plateaued in Syria after three days, but steadily rose in Turkey. Syria allocated more funding for all priorities per population except healthcare facilities’ rehabilitation. Turkey had 219 USAR teams compared to Syria’s six, with significantly more humanitarian aid personnel (23 vs 2/100,000).

Significant disparities in initial healthcare response were observed between Turkey and Syria, highlighting need for policymakers to enhance responses in conflict-affected events to reduce impact on affected populations.

This article explores the health-related challenges for refugees now residing in the United States and highlights strategies for building resilience in this vulnerable population.

This is a descriptive study identifying six common challenges refugees face when relocating from their country to another country.

Refugees in the United States face many challenges, including language barriers, access to quality education, discrimination based on cultural and religious differences, and inadequate healthcare access. Child refugees, constituting a significant portion of the refugee population, face distinct challenges compared to adults. Many refugees grapple with psychological trauma and access to proper healthcare.

Refugees face many challenges when transitioning to a new country, including losing community, familial support, safety, and cultural norms. To address these challenges in the United States, advocates, and public health advisors must actively engage with refugees to assess their needs and build resilient communities. Proactive outreach tailored to refugees’ vulnerabilities is crucial to ensuring their well-being and successful integration into their new homes.

To analyze terror events in Latin America from 1970 through 2020 utilizing the Global Terrorism Database (GTD).

A retrospective descriptive analysis of data from 17 Latin America Countries from 1970 through 2020 was performed to include number of attacks, deaths, injuries, primary weapon types, location, and primary target types.

A total 30,224 attacks were recorded, resulting in 60,163 deaths and 26,576 injuries. Firearms were the most frequent weapons used (12,651), followed by explosives (12,518), unspecified weapons (3,198), and incendiary devices (1,584). Military-related targets (4,929) were the most frequently targeted entities, followed by private citizens and property (4,906), businesses (4,810), general government facilities (3,994), police (2,955), diplomatic government facilities (604), and religious figures/institutions (464).

The health implications of terrorist attacks are often compounded by violence that pose unique challenges to populations, governments, and aid organizations. Through an understanding of the impact and scope of terrorist activity, Counter-Terrorism Medicine strategies can improve outcomes through all stages of the disaster cycle.

The aim of this work was to determine the impact of Moral Distress (MD) in emergency physicians, nurses, and emergency medical service staff at the Rand Memorial Hospital (RMH) in the Bahamas, and the impact of Hurricane Dorian and the COVID-19 pandemic on Moral Distress.

A cross-sectional study utilizing a 3-part survey, which collected sociodemographic information, Hurricane Dorian and COVID-19 experiences, as well as responses to a validated modified Moral Distress Scale (MDS).

Participants with 2 negatively impactful experiences from COVID-19 had statistically significantly increased MD compared to participants with only 1 negatively impactful experience (40.4 vs. 23.6, P = 0.014). Losing a loved one due to COVID-19 was associated with significantly decreased MD (B = - 0.42, 95% CI -19.70 to -0.88, P = 0.03). Losing a loved one due to Hurricane Dorian had a non-statistically significant trend towards higher MD scores (B = 0.34, 95% CI -1.23 to 28.75, P = 0.07).

The emergency medical staff at the RMH reported having mild - moderate MD. This is one of the first studies to look at the impact of concurrent disasters on MD in emergency medical providers in the Bahamas.

Disease surveillance is an integral part of public health. These systems monitor disease trends and detect outbreaks, whereas they should be evaluated for efficacy. The United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention publish Guidelines for Evaluating Surveillance Systems to encourage efficient and effective use of public health surveillance that are accepted worldwide.

This study reviews syndromic surveillance during natural and man-made disasters internationally. It aims to (1) review the performance of syndromic surveillance via pre-specified attributes during disaster and to (2) understand its strengths and limitations.

PubMed was systematically searched for the articles assessing syndromic surveillance during a disaster. A narrative review was carried out based on those articles. Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems were used to review performance of systems.

5,059 studies from PubMed were evaluated, and 16 met inclusion criteria. The majority of these studies considered the implementation of syndromic surveillance useable during disaster events. Studies described systems giving relevant and timely information. Simplicity and timeliness were the most highlighted attributes.

Syndromic surveillance is simple, flexible, useful and usable during a disaster. Timely data can be obtained, but the quality of this type of data is sensitive to incomplete and erroneous reporting; because of this, a standardized approach is necessary to optimize these systems.

Compared to trauma-based injuries, chemical injuries can inflict widespread and persistent injuries to exposed victims. Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel are vulnerable to chemical injuries. Specialized training is required, including zone setup, personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination, and antidote use, beyond simple advanced trauma life support. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the educational effectiveness of the online chemical-mass casualty incident response education module (C-MCIREM) for EMS personnel.

This study is a retrospective pre-and post-test comparison. Subjects were EMS personnel who enrolled in the C-MCIREM program at the EMS Korea online conference between August 27, 2021 and September 5, 2021. Subjects provided demographic data and completed pre-course and post-course knowledge tests and self-assessments of readiness, as well as a satisfaction survey after the course. For readiness and satisfaction surveys, an 11-point Likert scale was used. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to compare the two samples.

A total of 322 respondents were enrolled. Two-hundred (62.1%) responded that they were most motivated to take the course because of curiosity about the subject. The median pre-course knowledge score was 57/100 (47, 66) and the post-knowledge score was 80/100 (66, 91) (p<0.001). Participants stated they felt their readiness to provide triage, treatment, transport, decontamination, to select correct antidotes, and to use correct PPE (all p<0.001) increased. 90.4% stated they were satisfied with the course. Participants were overall satisfied with the use of the online format (7.71/10 SD 2.05), and were willing to recommend the training to other EMS providers (7.63/10 SD 2.1).

The online C-MCIREM program showed high satisfaction with a significant increase in knowledge and self-assessed readiness to respond to a chemical mass casualty incident.

The United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees (UNHCR) estimates that there were over 100 million displaced people as of May, 2022, which has left many people without adequate healthcare and strained local healthcare systems. While there is concern about violence that may be brought as a result of these large influxes of people, few are focused on attacks that are perpetrated on these displaced peoples. This study is a semi-quantitative analysis of terrorist attacks on refugees, refugee camps, internally-displaced peoples, and asylum seekers.

A retrospective search of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was performed for all terrorist-related events from 1970 to 2020 that targeted refugees, refugee camps, internally displaced peoples (IDPs), and asylum seekers. The number of attacks, country of attacks, weapon types, numbers wounded, and numbers killed were collated into a Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet (Microsoft, Redmond Washington, USA) and analyzed.

There were a total of 683 attacks which resulted in a total of 3148 deaths and 4374 injuries from 1970-2020. These occurred in 56 countries, with Sudan having the largest number of attacks at 113, followed by Germany (71), Iraq (61), Nigeria (51), and Sweden (43). The most frequent weapons used were explosives (213), followed by firearms (210), incendiary (140), unknown (74), melee (45), and chemical (1).

Terrorist attacks against refugees/IDPs/asylum seekers resulted in 3148 deaths and 4374 injuries in 683 attacks. Sudan had the highest number of terrorist attacks, and the most frequent weapon used was explosives. Attacks against refugees pose unique challenges to government, NGO’s, and other stakeholders due to the lack of healthcare access and transient nature of this population. By understanding the scope and impact of terrorist-related attacks against this vulnerable population counter-terrorism medicine initiatives can be employed to improve healthcare access and outcomes.

A scoping review of the literature available on landmines in Egypt and their resultant disaster impact (human losses, material losses, economic losses and environmental losses) on the Bedouin communities inhabiting contaminated regions and on Egypt is presented. A narrative approach is taken to map the data extracted from the available literature to: the domains of losses; evidence of external assistance; and progress, revealing the widespread impacts of the hazard of landmine contamination.

The review question was mapped based on the JBI and the Arksey and O’Malley Frameworks with reference to Aromataris and Munn (2020), and Peters (2022). The research question was identified starting with the search strategy, and is broken down using PCC as recommended for Scoping Reviews (Peters, 2022).

Searches of scientific literature were conducted using multiple databases, further searches of search engines, social media and of grey literature were conducted. The search results were then screened over two stages to determine their relevance. Data was then extracted using the PRISMA-ScR checklist before being tabulated and charted.

The data collated evidently shows human losses manifest as mortality, physical disability, psychological trauma, financial instability and social impacts; while material losses include blocks to considerable areas of the country’s landmass suitable for urban housing, agricultural and touristic potential, as well as mineral, and oil and gas reserves; economic losses include impedance to development, lost revenues and deterrence from investment; environmental losses comprise extensive contamination of Egypt’s land.

Evidence of external assistance being sought and provided is ample, signifying the overwhelm of Egypt’s coping capacity; rather, positive steps to de-mine the land and provide mine risk education and survivor assistance are beneficial in risk reduction. While landmine contamination is not classically considered to carry a disaster risk, this study proposes it does.

Chemical exposures can cause direct and indirect injuries to responding medical personnel. Therefore, hospital healthcare providers should be provided with disaster response training that includes identification of chemical hazards, establishment of the hazard zone, personal protective equipment use, decontamination, and chemical injury antidote use. This study evaluates the educational effectiveness of the chemical-mass casualty incident response education module (C-MCIREM) for hospital healthcare providers.

This was a retrospective quasi-experimental study. Subjects were hospital providers who enrolled in the C-MCIREM program between May 1, 2021, and July 26, 2022. Subjects were hospital providers from Bucheon, Mokpo, Iksan, Jeonju, and Dae-gu cities in South Korea. Subjects completed pre, post, and three-month knowledge retention and self-assessments of readiness tests, as well as evaluations on tabletop exercises (TTX), and a satisfaction survey (11-point Likert) after the course. The instructors scored teamwork measures via standardized evaluations on TTX throughout the course. The K-paired Sample Friedman test was used to compare samples.

127 respondents were enrolled. The median knowledge score rose from 51/100 (39, 66) to 85.5/100 (73.75, 90) with a median retention score of 74/100 (64, 88) (p<0.001). Participants felt their readiness to respond increased in all facets (all p<0.001) on the post and retention test for the MCI situation. All three hospital teams showed significant increases in teamwork between the median of the 1st and 4th TTX as 27/100 (23.5, 29) and 69/100 (66.75, 69.5) (p<0.05). Participants were overall satisfied (9.1/10 SD 1.13) and would recommend the training to others (9.15/10 SD 1.2).

C-MCIREM participants had high satisfaction with a significant increase and persistence in knowledge, improved teamwork, and self-assessed readiness to respond to a chemical mass casualty incident.

Global disasters have increased over the last century, with growing numbers of people affected. In the Middle East and North Africa, natural disasters have tripled since the 1980s. Education and training for disaster preparedness for healthcare providers can help reduce vulnerability to disasters by improving their knowledge and response effectiveness. Physicians working in the emergency department are integral members of the response to those incidents. Currently, no studies describe how much training or experience in disaster preparedness exists for physicians working in the emergency departments in Kuwait. However, comparable studies in different regions have illustrated the importance of researching this field. This paper aims to assess the disaster preparedness levels of emergency department physicians in Kuwait.

An online survey will be sent to the physicians working in the emergency departments of the seven general hospitals in Kuwait. This survey consists of four domains:

1. 1) Demographics: personal and professional characteristics of participants.

2. 2) Education and training: exploring the involvement of participants in prior formal training courses or exercises in disaster preparedness.

3. 3) Experience: assessing the involvement of participants in the mitigation or response to previous disasters.

4. 4) Knowledge and perception: participant awareness of local hospital plans and systems as well as their attitudes and opinions about disaster preparedness.

Data collection and analysis are planned for completion by March 31, 2023.

The needs assessment is essential to developing educational curriculums for any discipline. In disaster medicine, tailoring the training curriculum is especially important because learners might not have experience in the field due to the high acuity and low frequency of disasters. The results can be used to develop a roadmap for Emergency Physician training in disaster preparedness in Kuwait. In addition, the approach adopted in this paper can be used to assess further disciplines for disaster preparedness.

International humanitarian aid is crucial in disasters but must be needs-driven and coordinated with requests from local authorities. We identify disaster and population factors associated with international aid appeal during disasters and hence guide preparation by international humanitarian aid providers.

In this retrospective database analysis, we searched the Emergency Events Database for all disasters from 1995 to 2015. Disasters with and without international aid appeals were compared by location, duration, type of disaster, deaths, number of people affected, and total estimated damage. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of each factor with international aid appeal.

Of 13,961 disasters recorded from 1995 to 2015, 168 (1.2%) involved international aid appeals. Aid appeals were more likely to be triggered by disasters which killed more people (OR 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.64] log10 persons), affected more people (OR 1.85 [95%CI 1.57-2.18] / log10 persons), and occurred in Africa (OR 1.67 [95%CI 1.06-2.62). Earthquakes (OR 4.07 [95%CI 2.16-7.67]), volcanic activity (OR 6.23 [95%CI 2.50-15.53]), and insect infestations (OR 12.14 [95%CI 3.05-48.35]) were more likely to trigger international aid appeals. International aid appeals were less likely to be triggered by disasters which occurred in Asia (OR 0.46 [95%CI 0.29-0.73]) and which were transport accidents (OR 0.12 [95%CI 0.02-0.89]).

International aid appeal during disasters was associated with greater magnitude of damage, disasters in Africa, and specific types of disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and insect infestations. Humanitarian aid providers can focus preparation on these identified factors.

This study aims to analyze and describe terrorism-related attacks in East Asia from 1970 to 2020. This descriptive analysis of terrorist attacks in East Asia will help first responders, emergency medical services (EMS), hospital-based medical providers, and policymakers establish a more refined hazard vulnerability assessment framework and develop a counter-terrorism medicine (CTM) mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery plan.

This descriptive observational study draws data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 2020. Epidemiology outcomes included primary weapon type, primary target type, the country where the incident occurred, and the number of total deaths and injuries collected. Data from 2021 was not yet available at the time of this study. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.

There were 779 terrorism-related events in East Asia from 1970 to 2020. In total, the attacks resulted in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 persons injured. The greatest number of attacks (371; 47.63%) occurred in Japan and the second most occurred in China (268; 34.4%). Explosives were the most used primary weapon type (308; 39.54%) in the region, followed by incendiary devices (260; 33.38%). Terrorist attacks drastically diminished from their peak of 92 in 1990, but there were additional peaks of 88 in 1996, 18 in 2000, 20 in 2008, and 36 attacks in 2014.

A total of 779 terrorist attacks occurred from 1970 to 2020 in East Asia, resulting in 1,123 deaths and 9,061 injuries. Of those, 82.03% of attacks occurred in Japan and China. Terrorist attacks drastically diminished since their peak in 1996, but there is an overall uptrend in attacks since 1999.

Cumulative disasters have been shown to influence mental and physical health in both responders and victims, with studies showing associations in rates of depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Systemic problems that impact patient care such as limited resources, overcrowding of emergency rooms, and staffing shortages can be morally challenging for healthcare workers. Andrew Jameton, in 1984 defined Moral Distress (MD) as the inability of a moral agent to act according to his or her core values and perceived obligations due to internal and external constraints. Unresolved MD can create significant long-term debilitating physical and mental damage. Emergency medical providers on the island of Grand Bahama had the unique experience of responding to both the aftermath of Hurricane Dorian and the Covid-19 Pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Moral Distress (MD) in Accident & Emergency (A&E) Physicians, Nurses, and Emergency Medical Service (EMS) staff at the Rand Memorial Hospital (RMH) in the Bahamas.

This is a descriptive, qualitative, prospective cross-sectional study, utilizing a three-part survey sent to participants. Sociodemographic information, Hurricane Dorian & Covid-19 experiences, and responses to a validated modified Moral Distress Scale will be collected and uploaded to a secure, encrypted data management program. The data will be analyzed using the most current IBM SPSS statistical analysis package. Descriptive and Inferential statistics will be used to determine the impact of Hurricane Dorian & Covid-19 on MD and its associated sociodemographic factors.

Data collection and analysis are planned for completion by March 1, 2023.

Addressing the causes of Moral Distress early can help improve healthcare systems’ resiliency by ensuring a healthy and supported workforce equipped with the resources to respond to future disasters.

Children are often disproportionately impacted by disasters, and yet pediatric specific considerations are not properly emphasized during disaster planning and training, resulting in the desperate needs of children falling through the cracks during disasters. Children differ from adults developmentally, physiologically, and psychologically, and are more vulnerable to negative long-term medical, social, and behavioral outcomes. Additionally, children lack autonomy and rely on adults to gain access to the healthcare system and other resources. Despite the distinctions between adults and children, time and curricula for pediatric disaster training is insufficient, and workforce capacity and competency to plan for and respond to the disaster related needs of children are inadequate; this is especially true for both physicians and other healthcare responders who do not complete a specific pediatric residency. Our study seeks to determine the key core competencies of pediatric disaster medicine that should be included in the training of responders.

A systematic gray literature review of existing pediatric disaster medicine curricula was performed, from which a list of the most commonly present key core competencies was created.

Data collection and analysis is expected to be completed by April 2023 and will yield a ranked list of core competencies.

There is a need for improved pediatric disaster training that addresses the specific considerations of children; this is especially true for non-pediatricians who may be treating children following a disaster. The gray literature review will identify key components of pediatric disaster medicine, which should be applied to all such training curricula to ensure that the care of children who suffer during and after disasters is equitable across the globe.

The current war in Ukraine and the subsequent deployment of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) from around the world has highlighted the many potential dangers faced by humanitarian aid workers operating in conflict zones. Humanitarian aid workers may face both direct and indirect threats and aggression whilst on deployment, and given the rising number of global conflicts, the authors postulate a need to incorporate threat awareness training as part of pre-deployment training.

A list of the top 22 rated NGOs providing international aid was obtained from CharityWatch. All 22 were contacted via their public email addresses or website contact pages to find out if they provide any form of security, tactical, or threat awareness training.

Seven of the 13 NGOs that responded did not deploy staff into recent conflict zones or surroundings. All six NGOs who deployed staff into Ukraine or surrounding border countries, provided either security, tactical, or threat awareness training to their staff.

With the rising number of conflicts and disasters around the world, humanitarian aid workers are increasingly exposed to hostile environments and there is a compelling need for NGOs to ensure staff are adequately trained and prepared to handle any dangers and threats they may face.

Terrorism remains a major threat and concern in many countries around the world. Children represent approximately 30% of the world population and in the event of a terrorist attack can either be primary targets, to include the possibility of abduction, or unintended victims. Children are unique in their vulnerabilities and therefore, require special consideration.

This study is a semi-quantitative epidemiological analysis of all terrorism-related pediatric fatalities and injuries sustained between 1970-2019. Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Summaries of events including search terms associated with children were individually reviewed and those describing the deaths, injuries, or abduction of children were tallied.

Of the over 200,000 terror events, 2,302 events met inclusion criteria. This represented 1.14% of total events which involved death, injury, or abduction of children. Of 2,032 events a total of 2,275 pediatric fatal injuries (FI) were recorded, as well as 2,280 pediatric non-fatal injuries (NFI). The most common weapons used in all attacks involving the pediatric population were explosives (1539[66.8%]), firearms (543 [23.5%]), other (169 [7.3%]) and melee (83 [3.6%]). 275 of the 2,032 were related to abductions, with 71 cases involving the abduction of ten children or more.

Pediatric casualties in terrorist events represent a small proportion of overall victims, however, they have unique vulnerabilities, and when directly impacted by terrorism, can have long term physical and psychosocial sequelae, as well as a devastating emotional impact on the community.

Children differ from adults, developmentally, physiologically, and psychologically. Additionally, children lack legal agency, and thus rely on adults to gain access to the healthcare system and other resources. Though children are often the face of disaster relief, the desparate needs of children can fall through the cracks during disaster response. Many training programs for disaster responders do not give pediatric concerns and issues the appropriate attention they deserve. Pediatric disaster medicine is often minimally addressed in emergency medicine residencies and prehospital provider training. Furthermore, pediatric disaster supplies and protocols are often lacking and insufficient to meet the needs of children during and after disasters.

This is a modified Delphi study. An initial set of pediatric disaster medicine competencies from a systematic review of PubMed, EMBase and the gray literature will be presented to an initial group of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) comment, additions, and edits. This modified set of competencies will then be distributed to a large group of providers with experience in the field. Through a series of surveys, each competency in the curriculum will be rated. Those competencies which achieve a high overall rating will be reported.

Data collection and analysis expected to be completed by April 2023.

This modified Delphi study will establish and prioritize a set of core competencies for pediatric disaster response based on expert recommendations. The use of such gold standard core competencies to develop discipline-role-specific pediatric disaster training can increase pediatric disaster workforce capacity and competency critically needed to improve pediatric disaster response.