Based on the review of specimens of the genus Bulbothrix s. lat. supported by morphological and chemical evidence, Bulbothrix buapana is described as a new species collected from a tropical dry forest in Oaxaca, Mexico. It differs from other species of Bulbothrix by having coronate apothecia, the presence of ciliate bulbs all over the upper cortex including the amphithecia, and by containing gyrophoric acid as the main medullary substance. Additionally, B. bulbillosa is reported for the first time in North America, this species also characterized by having ciliate bulbs over the upper cortex, but being isidiate, and by the presence of gyrophoric acid in the medulla. Furthermore, B. fungicola and B. tabacina are newly recorded for the state of Oaxaca, B. isidiza for the state of Veracruz, B. subdissecta for the state of Puebla, and B. ventricosa for the states of Morelos and Oaxaca. A thorough revision of Bulbothrix species is proposed, emphasising the correct identification of ciliate bulbs via the diaphanization procedure and the microcrystallization technique for confirming secondary metabolites. A taxonomic key for species of Bulbothrix s. lat. reported in Mexico is provided.

This study presents an analysis of funerary practices at the site of Valdelasilla (Illescas, Toledo, Spain). The methodology integrates the morphological study of burial structures, anthropological analyses, a consideration of grave goods and the radiocarbon dating of human bone. The chronological data indicate funerary activity at the site from the Late Neolithic to the Chalcolithic period. Bayesian modelling confirms the establishment of a planned cemetery by the end of the fifth millennium cal. bc, featuring small burial chambers organized around a larger tomb enclosed by a ditch. The burial chambers, which were constructed from wood, clay and small stones, created distinct spaces for the deceased. This embryonic form of monumentalization, the funerary practices observed and the early chronology link Valdelasilla to other peninsular cemeteries associated with the emergence of megalithism, now identified for the first time on the plateau. The location of the necropolis offers new insights into the role of inland regions in the emergence of Iberian and European megalithism.

This study offers a systematic and theory-informed integrative synthesis of research at the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and entrepreneurship. Although interest in this domain has expanded rapidly, existing research remains fragmented, technology centered, and weakly connected to theories of entrepreneurial decision-making. To address this gap, the study adopts a hybrid review design that combines a systematic literature review with bibliometric co-word analysis and thematic synthesis. Based on 372 articles indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection (2010–2025), the analysis maps the intellectual structure, thematic landscape, and temporal evolution of AI–entrepreneurship research. Four thematic quadrants are identified, reflecting core applications, transversal foundations, isolated specializations, and peripheral themes. The synthesis shows that AI is largely conceptualized as a functional input, while cognitive and behavioral dimensions of entrepreneurial judgment remain marginal. Building on these insights, the article proposes a cognitively informed research agenda to guide future work.

The European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) and the WHO’s Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance Network (REMPAN) have collaborated to review best practices for managing radionuclide intakes through wounds. Rapid response and decisions on wound decontamination, tissue excision, and chelation therapy are based on measurements of the exposed individual and preliminary dose assessments using reasonable default assumptions. The goal is to minimize exposure, prevent tissue reactions, and reduce the risk of stochastic effects.

The management of a contaminated wound is always case-specific, but some general procedures typically apply for a proper evaluation of the contamination case. Medical doctors (surgeons and toxicologists) and internal dosimetrists should work together in the management of the contaminated wound case, with internal dosimetrists providing expert advice to aid clinical decision-making and communication with the patient and his/her family. The ISO standard 20031:2020 provides guidelines on the monitoring and dosimetry for internal exposures due to wound contamination with radionuclides. The Clinical Decision Guide was proposed by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements in its Report 161 to assist physicians in making treatment decisions for individuals with internal radionuclide intakes. Best practices for medical treatment, based on previous experience, are presented here.

This study analyses the evolution of body mass index (BMI) as income increases across the population, controlling for age, sex, educational level, marital status and some lifestyle habits. To this end, a quantile regression, an econometric technique that readjusts the weights of the variables in each quantile to minimize deviations, has been carried out, where the variable that orders the sample is income. We use 316,777 observations from the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) for these regressions. This approach allows us to separate the regression analyses for low-, middle-, and high-income groups, evidence that as individual income increases, BMI tends to rise. Consequently, individuals with higher incomes exhibit higher BMI levels. Additionally, the estimated parameters for explanatory variables increase with income, signifying that wealthier individuals not only have a greater likelihood of increased BMI but also that socio-economic factors influencing BMI – whether positively or negatively – evince a stronger impact as income levels rise.

A functional traits approach was adopted to examine patterns of fish diversity in relation to environmental and spatial variables and for comparison with findings from earlier analyses of fish taxonomic diversity in a nearly pristine river in the Llanos region of Colombia. Fishes were surveyed during the low-water period at 34 sites along the longitudinal fluvial gradient of the Bita River, a clearwater tributary of the Orinoco River. We compiled a matrix of 37 traits associated with locomotion, feeding, and defense for 132 species to compute functional β diversity metrics among four reaches along the entire longitudinal fluvial gradient and also within reaches. Functional redundancy (trait under-dispersion) was found to be common throughout the fluvial gradient. Functional β diversity was high at both spatial scales, with widespread evidence of functional nestedness and functional turnover, especially in upper reaches. In the Bita River, environmental filtering and stochastic processes, such as random dispersal, appear to be the dominant mechanisms influencing fish functional diversity. Inferences derived from analysis of functional versus taxonomic diversity are largely congruent, although analysis of functional β diversity found more evidence of nestedness than turnover at both spatial scales. Both lines of evidence stress the importance of habitat heterogeneity and aquatic habitat connectivity for conservation of high species diversity in this system.

This article analyses the self-perceived health of the population surveyed by the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), with 316,277 observations. The main novelties of this research are: first, we use the econometric technique of quantile regression, which will allow us to distinguish the respondent’s income level. Second, the personal, social, lifestyle and macroeconomic context dimensions of the respondents are considered simultaneously as determinants of self-perceived health. In this way, we will be able to see what the determinants of health are, and whether they vary with income. Finally, it is evident that there are indeed different responses to the same stimulus depending on the level of income, especially in the elasticity of the response, seeing how the higher the income, the more or less the same stimulus influences a person. In addition, it is established that age, nationality and employment status are the most influential variables in self-perceived health.

This project in southern Chile's Lake Region analysed late Pleistocene human–environment interactions. Two field seasons in 2020 and 2022 provided a new lithic collection dating to around 17 300–12 800 cal BP, which indicates human presence in north-western Patagonia prior to the Younger Dryas period.

We analyze the internal structure of two polythermal glaciers, Hurd and Johnsons, located on Livingston Island, Antarctica, using 200 and 750 MHz GPR data collected in 2003/04, 2008/09 and 2016/17 field campaigns. Based on the different permittivities of snow and ice, we determined the thickness distribution of the end-of winter snow cover and of the cold ice layer. Their knowledge is fundamental for mass balance and glacier dynamics studies due to the different densities and rheological properties of such media. The average measured thicknesses for the snow and cold ice layers (the latter including the snow layer) were of 1.44 ± 0.09 and 29.1 ± 1.5 m, and their corresponding maxima were of 2.45 ± 0.21 and 80.8 ± 2.5 m. GPR snow profiling allowed for extension of the coverage of the snow thickness survey, but added little information to that supplied by snow pits, stake readings and manual snow probing, because of the multiplicity of reflections within the seasonal snowpack caused by internal ice layers and lenses. The polythermal structure determined for Hurd Glacier fits into the so-called Scandinavian type, seldom reported for the Antarctic region.

Considered the epidemic of the 21st century by the WHO, obesity is a global problem that is on the rise and will continue to increase in the coming years. Spain and Andalusia, in particular, are no exception to this pathology, which has tripled since the 1970s, representing a public health challenge. The aim of this study is to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of this pathology, with special emphasis on answering the question of what has a greater influence on overweight, education level, or income. For this purpose, we have used the European Survey of Health in Spain (ESHS-2020), a microdata base, with a total of 22,072 valid individual observations (of which 2,820 belong to the Andalusian population). Results we obtain in our estimations of qualitative response models reveal that, although both income and educational attainment could be effective in the fight against overweight, the social gradient of this health problem is greater with respect to educational attainment. Additionally, there are many other variables and other factors related to the individual’s overweight (mental health, subjective state of health, oral health, among others) which are much less explored and which must be considered in health policies to combat this disease.

The Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) has become a significant contributor to sea-level rise over recent decades. Accurately estimating the ice discharge from the outlet glaciers of the APIS is crucial to quantify the mass balance of the Antarctic Peninsula. We here compute the ice discharge from the outlet glaciers of the APIS north of 70${^\circ }$S for the five most widely used ice-thickness reconstructions, using a common surface velocity field and a common set of flux gates, so the differences in ice discharge can be solely attributed to the differences in ice thickness at the flux gates. The total volumetric ice discharge for 2015–2017 ranges within 45–141 km3 a−1, depending on the ice-thickness model, with a mean of 87 ± 44 km3 a−1. The substantial differences between the ice-discharge results, and a multi-model normalized root-mean-squared deviation of 0.91 for the whole data set, reveal large differences and inconsistencies between the ice-thickness models, giving an indication of the large uncertainty in the current ice-discharge estimates for the APIS. This manifests a fundamental problem of the region: the scarcity of appropriate ice-thickness measurements and the difficulty of the current models to reconstruct the ice-thickness distribution in this complex region.

Knowledge of frontal ablation from marine-terminating glaciers (i.e., mass lost at the calving face) is critical for constraining glacier mass balance, improving projections of mass change, and identifying the processes that govern frontal mass loss. Here, we discuss the challenges involved in computing frontal ablation and the unique issues pertaining to both glaciers and ice sheets. Frontal ablation estimates require numerous datasets, including glacier terminus area change, thickness, surface velocity, density, and climatic mass balance. Observations and models of these variables have improved over the past decade, but significant gaps and regional discrepancies remain, and better quantification of temporal variability in frontal ablation is needed. Despite major advances in satellite-derived large-scale datasets, large uncertainties remain with respect to ice thickness, depth-averaged velocities, and the bulk density of glacier ice close to calving termini or grounding lines. We suggest ways in which we can move toward globally complete frontal ablation estimates, highlighting areas where we need improved datasets and increased collaboration.

During the second half of the 20th century, the Antarctic Peninsula region has undergone a long and sustained warming period, followed by a shorter but also sustained cooling period, and then a very recent return to warming conditions. All of these have profoundly impacted the glaciers peripheral to the Antarctic Peninsula. This paper focuses on the analysis of the surface mass balance monitoring of such glaciers by the glaciological method, complemented by the analysis of mass-balance estimates by geodetic methods, as well as frontal ablation estimates. We aim to summarize the current knowledge and outline the main challenges faced by investigating the mass balance of such peripheral glaciers and their current contribution to sea-level rise.

The effects of the farming system (conventional-organic-abandoned) and soil management (native cover crop vs tillage) on vascular plant species were analyzed in sloping olive groves (>20%) in 20 different locations in Andalusia, SE Spain. The soil management techniques included Organic Tillage (OT), Organic Cover Crops (OC), Conventional Tillage (CT), Conventional Non-Tillage (CNT), Abandoned Cover Crops (AC) and Abandoned Woody (AW). Data for the vascular plant species were recorded through three line transects of 30 m with a bar perpendicularly touching every 1 m of the measuring tape. Environmental variables were also recorded at plot level to assess their influence. Dependent variables, such as species abundance, richness and diversity indexes were studied using univariate analysis (one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test) while multivariate statistics (ANOSIM, SIMPER, DCA) were used for analyzing the data matrices. We found that the different combinations of farming system and soil management affect biological diversity in terms of individual abundance, plant cover, species richness and diversity, species and family composition. Life forms and species distribution patterns are also affected. The main environmental variables affecting the plant taxa were those related with soil and climate characteristics, slope, olive age and intensive land uses at landscape level, including the percentage of artificial surfaces. The lowest levels of biodiversity (e.g., species richness) were found in the tilled olive groves (CT = 8.1 sp. ± 2.2, OT = 10.0 sp. ± 5.4). Surprisingly, the organic tilled groves (OT) were very poor in species compared to those with native plant cover (OC = 27.9 sp. ± 3.0). The latter, however, showed similar species richness to the abandoned olive groves (AC = 21.2 sp. ± 3.7, AW = 27.2 sp. ± 3.0). Possible solutions for increasingly uncompetitive sloping olive groves include conversion to organic with native plant cover or abandonment for rewilding.

Calculation of the calving loss of tidewater glaciers depends on accurate bedrock information. In regional to global-scale projections of future tidewater glacier evolution this dependence is problematic. Bedrock topographies are often unknown and can only be modelled from surface properties. Existing approaches, however, mostly underestimate the ice thickness towards the calving fronts of marine-terminating glaciers. This implies a compromised performance of global-scale projection models which often employ functions of water depth at the calving fronts of tidewater glaciers. Here, we present a sensitivity study that analyses the impact of five different bedrock datasets on projected mass losses from the tidewater glacier Hansbreen in southern Svalbard. Our modelling study calculates the glacier's response to artificial mass-balance forcing. We show that bedrock inaccuracies may lead to a substantially deviating retreat behaviour. The common underestimation of frontal ice thickness/water depth in the modelled bedrock datasets induces an underestimation of sea level-relevant mass losses over the first several decades of modelling. The duration of this period is reduced when assuming warmer climates. Our results thus underline the importance of accurate bedrock topography data for the reliability of glacier evolution projections and for the accuracy of the temporal trajectories of related sea level-relevant mass losses.