The southern United States produces 90% of the nation’s cotton, and the Texas High Plains is the largest contiguous cotton producing region. Since 2011, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth has complicated cotton production, and alternatives to glyphosate are needed. Integrating soil residual herbicides into a weed management program is a crucial step to control glyphosate resistant weeds before emergence. The recent development of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-resistant cotton by BASF Corporation may allow growers to use isoxaflutole in future weed management programs. In 2019 and 2020, field experiments were conducted in New Deal, Lubbock, and Halfway, Texas, to evaluate HPPD-resistant cotton response to isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) or early postemergence (EPOST) and to determine the efficacy of isoxaflutole when used as part of a season-long weed management program. At the New Deal location, cotton response was observed following the EPOST application, but it never exceeded 10%. Cotton response was greatest following the PRE application in Lubbock in 2019 but did not exceed 14%. In 2020 in Lubbock, cotton was replanted due to severe weather. There was <1% cotton response following the PRE application, and maximum cotton response observed was 9% following EPOST and mid-postemergence (MPOST) applications. Cotton lint yields were not different from those of the nontreated, weed-free control at either location. In non-crop weed control studies in Halfway, all treatments controlled Palmer amaranth ≥94% 21 d after the EPOST application. Twenty-one days after the MPOST treatment, systems with isoxaflutole applied EPOST controlled Palmer amaranth by 88% to 93%, while systems with isoxaflutole PRE controlled Palmer amaranth by 94% to 98%. End-of-season Palmer amaranth control was lowest in the system without isoxaflutole (88%) and when isoxaflutole was used EPOST (88% to 91%). These studies suggest that the use of isoxaflutole in cotton weed management systems may improve season-long control of several troublesome weeds with no adverse effects on cotton yield and quality.

As One Would Expect, the stationing of American forces on foreign soil has involved the United States in many diplomatic and administrative difficulties. In the late fall and early winter of 1956 the United States was embarrassed by Iceland's move to oust American forces from Keflavik AFB; the situation was saved by a fortuitous heightening of tension in Europe over the events in Hungary. A few months later a state visit by King Saud of Arabia smoothed out the arrangements for a continuance of the Dhahran base agreement which had formally lapsed, so that the base was uneasily living from day to day. On December 5, 1956, a conference between the United States and the Philippines over a revision and modification of the 1947 agreement was broken off in an atmosphere of some bitterness; the unresolved difficulties included a disagreement over the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by Philippine authorities over U. S. military and civilian personnel. In Okinawa the United States is almost daily defending its position in the face of growing criticism over the extension of base areas and the administration of the island. In Japan the same types of criticism are heard and the Japanese courts have broadly interpreted their jurisdiction over offenses committed by U. S. troops. Finally, in the third week of May, 1957, riots broke out in Formosa following the acquittal of a U. S. sergeant on charges of murdering a Chinese.