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4 results

  • Craving and other characteristics of the comorbidity of alcohol and nicotine dependence

  • Ines Hertling, Katrin Ramskogler, Alexander Dvorak, Anton Klingler, Gerda Saletu-Zyhlarz, Rudolf Schoberberger, Henriette Walter, Michael Kunze, Otto Michael Lesch
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 20 / Issue 5-6 / August 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 442-450
  • Purpose

    In this cross-sectional study we compared alcohol-dependent smokers and non-alcohol-dependent smokers with respect to intensity of nicotine dependence, craving conditions, sleep disturbances, comorbidity with major depression, reasons for smoking, accompanying somatic diseases and patients' prolonged abstinence from smoking during the 3 years preceding the study.

    Subjects and methods

    Fifty-one alcohol-dependent smokers and 327 non-alcohol-dependent smokers diagnosed as ICD-10 and DSM-IV-nicotine dependent, were investigated by means of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Lübeck Craving-Recurrence Risk Questionnaire and the Lesch Alcohol Dependence Typology (both adapted to smoking).

    Results

    The intensity of nicotine dependence was more enhanced in alcohol-dependent smokers compared to non-alcohol-dependent smokers. Several variables of all factors of craving (“depressive mood”, “stimulation”, “relaxation”, “socially triggered tension”) were significantly increased in alcohol-dependent patients (P < 0.05). Alcohol-dependent smokers showed depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances, whilst non-alcohol-dependent individuals mainly smoked for stress release and weight control.

    Discussion

    Our study demonstrates that the intensity of nicotine dependence, several conditions of craving for nicotine, sleep disturbances and symptoms of depression appear to be enhanced in alcohol-dependent smokers compared with non-alcohol-dependent smokers.

    Conclusions

    It is hoped that the factors of craving and reasons for smoking identified in this study will contribute to a better understanding of smoking temptation in alcohol-dependent smokers and non-alcohol-dependent smokers in future.

  • Chapter 29 - Modafinil effects in narcolepsy

  • from Section 5 - Neuroimaging of sleep disorders
  • Edited by Eric Nofzinger, University of Pittsburgh, Pierre Maquet, Université de Liège, Belgium, Michael J. Thorpy
  • Book:
    Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
    Published online:
    05 March 2013
    Print publication:
    07 March 2013, pp 231-239

  • Summary

    Functional MRI provides a reproducible, non-invasive, and flexible means to study inter-individual variation in performance impairment in the setting of sleep deprivation (SD). An important long-term goal of studying inter-individual differences in responses to SD is to elucidate phenotypes that predict how an individual perform in an operational setting after being sleep deprived. The seemingly contradictory findings regarding the benefit of greater activation in areas of the brain led one to examine whether evaluating shifts in activation across states would prove a reliable marker of inter-individual variability in behavior. The thalamus plays an important part in mediating arousal and attention, which in turn have substantial effects on behavioral performance. Thalamic activation is less reliably reproducible across scan sessions than frontoparietal activation. More complex decision making tasks, where different strategies may be engaged, allow some latitude regarding which neural circuits are engaged and are potentially less at risk of use-dependent effects.

  • Necesidad irresistible y otras características de la comorbilidad de la dependencia de alcohol y nicotina

  • Inés Hertling, Katrin Ramskogler, Alexander Dvorak, Antón Klingler, Gerda Saletu-Zyhlarz, Rudolf Schoberberger, Henriette Walter, Michael Kunze, Otto Michael Lesch
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry (Ed.Española) / Volume 13 / Issue 3 / April 2006
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2020, pp. 123-131
    Print publication:
    April 2006
  • Propósito

    En este estudio transversal comparamos a fumadores dependientes de alcohol y fumadores no dependientes de alcohol con respecto a la intensidad de la dependencia de nicotina, las situaciones de necesidad irresistible, las perturbaciones del sueño, la comorbilidad con depresión mayor, las razones para fumar, las enfermedades somáticas acompañantes y la abstinencia prolongada de los pacientes del tabaco durante los 3 años que precedieron al estudio.

    Sujetos y métodos

    Se estudió a 51 fumadores dependientes de alcohol y 327 fumadores no dependientes de alcohol con diagnóstico de dependencia de la nicotina de la CIE-10 y el DSM-IV por medio del Test de Fagerström para Dependencia de Nicotina, el Cuestionario de Necesidad Irresistible-Riesgo de Recurrencia de Lübeck y la Tipología de Dependencia de Alcohol de Lesch (adaptadas ambas al tabaquismo).

    Resultados

    La intensidad de la dependencia de nicotina era más alta en los fumadores dependientes de alcohol comparado con los fumadores no dependientes de alcohol. Unas cuantas variables de todos los factores de necesidad irresistible (“estado de ánimo depresivo”, “estimulación”, “relajación”, “tensión provocada socialmente”) aumentaban significativamente en los pacientes dependientes de alcohol (P < 0,05). Los fumadores dependientes de alcohol mostraban síntomas depresivos y perturbaciones del sueño, mientras que los individuos no dependientes de alcohol fumaban sobre todo para liberar estrés y controlar el peso.

    Discusión

    Nuestro estudio demuestra que la intensidad de la dependencia de nicotina, varias situaciones de necesidad irresistible de nicotina, las perturbaciones del sueño y los síntomas de depresión parecen aumentar en los fumadores dependientes de alcohol comparado con los fumadores no dependientes de alcohol.

    Conclusiones

    Se espera que los factores de necesidad irresistible y las razones para fumar identificadas en este estudio contribuyan a una comprensión mejor de la tentación de fumar en los fumadores dependientes de alcohol y en los fumadores no dependientes de alcohol en el futuro.