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Previous work suggests that the association between urbanicity and schizophrenia may be greatest in those with pre-existing vulnerability.
Aims
To test for synergism in risk of schizophrenia between population density and a combined exposure of poor premorbid social and cognitive functioning.
Method
For 371 603 adolescent males examined by the Israeli Draft Board on social and cognitive functioning, data on population density of place of residence and later hospitalisation for schizophrenia were obtained from population-based registries.
Results
There was an interaction between population density (five levels) and poor premorbid social and cognitive functioning (interaction χ2=4.6, P=0.032). The adjusted increase in cumulative incidence associated with one unit change in population density was 0.10% in the vulnerable group (95% CI 0.019–0.18, P=0.015), nine times larger than that in the non-vulnerable group (0.011%, 95% CI 0.0017–0.020, P=0.021).
Conclusions
Risk of schizophrenia may increase when people with a genetic liability to the disorder, expressed as poor social and cognitive functioning, need to cope with city life.
Jerusalem's psychiatrists expect to encounter, as the millennium approaches, an ever-increasing number of tourists who, upon arriving in Jerusalem, may suffer psychotic decompensation.
Aims
To describe the Jerusalem syndrome as a unique acute psychotic state.
Method
This analysis is based on accumulated clinical experience and phenomenological data consisting of cultural and religious perspectives.
Results
Three main categories of the syndrome are identified and described, with special focus on the category pertaining to spontaneous manifestations, unconfounded by previous psychotic history or psychopathology.
Conclusions
The discrete form of the Jerusalem syndrome is related to religious excitement induced by proximity to the holy places of Jerusalem, and is indicated by seven characteristic sequential stages.
In two cases of folie à trois, affecting two Soviet-Jewish families who emigrated to Israel, both elderly parents in both cases shared the paranoid delusional beliefs of an only child. Severe trauma in the past and social maladjustment in the present may be among the precipitating factors for the development of the shared paranoid disorder.
Two bipolar depressed patients and one unipolar depressed patient developed manic Symptoms after receiving trazodone. The Symptoms resolved when the treatment was discontinued or reduced. We believe the two bipolar patients are the first cases of this reaction reported in the literature.
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