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438 results

Page 1 of 22

  • Nucleus accumbens volume mediates the association between prenatal adversity and attention problems in youth

  • Chase Antonacci, Jessica L. Buthmann, Lauren R. Borchers, Marielle V. Fortier, Yap Seng Chong, Peter Gluckman, Johan Eriksson, Helen Y. Chen, Evelyn Law, Michael J. Meaney, Ai Peng Tan, Ian H. Gotlib
  • Journal:
    Development and Psychopathology , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2025, pp. 1-13
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  • Exposure to adversity during the perinatal period has been associated with cognitive difficulties in children. Given the role of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in attention and impulsivity, we examined whether NAcc volume at age six mediates the relations between pre- and postnatal adversity and subsequent attention problems in offspring. 306 pregnant women were recruited as part of the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes Study. Psychosocial stress was assessed during pregnancy and across the first 5 years postpartum. At six years of age, children underwent structural MRI and, at age seven years, mothers reported on their children’s attention problems. Separate factor analyses conducted on measures of pre- and postnatal adversity each yielded two latent factors: maternal mental health and socioeconomic status. Both pre- and postnatal maternal mental health predicted children’s attention difficulties. Further, NAcc volume mediated the relation between prenatal, but not postnatal, maternal mental health and children’s attention problems. These findings suggest that the NAcc is particularly vulnerable to prenatal maternal mental health challenges and contributes to offspring attention problems. Characterizing the temporal sensitivity of neurobiological structures to adversity will help to elucidate mechanisms linking environmental exposures and behavior, facilitating the development of neuroscience-informed interventions for childhood difficulties.

  • COVID-19 Prevention Practices and Vaccine Acceptability Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Households in an Agricultural Community—Washington, 2020

  • Nancy Ortiz, Adela Hoffman, Amy Helene Schnall, Alexey Clara, Emily A. Lilo, Hannah Lofgren, Lisa Guerrero, James S. Miller, Peter Houck, Nathan Weed, Edgar Monterroso
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 18 / 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 November 2024, e261
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  • Objective

    To investigate COVID-19 disparities between Hispanic/Latino persons (H/L) and non-H/L persons in an agricultural community by examining behavioral and demographic differences.

    Methods

    In September 2020, we conducted Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response in Wenatchee and East Wenatchee, Washington, to evaluate differences between H/L and non-H/L populations in COVID-19 risk beliefs, prevention practices, household needs, and vaccine acceptability. We produced weighted sample frequencies.

    Results

    More households from predominately H/L census blocks (H/L-CBHs) versus households from predominately non-H/L census blocks (non-H/L-CBHs) worked in essential services (79% versus 57%), could not telework (70% versus 46%), and reported more COVID-19 cases (19% versus 4%). More H/L-CBHs versus non-H/L-CBHs practiced prevention strategies: avoiding gatherings (81% versus 61%), avoiding visiting friends/family (73% versus 36%), and less restaurant dining (indoor 24% versus 39%). More H/L-CBHs versus non-H/L-CBHs needed housing (16% versus 4%) and food assistance (19% versus 6%). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in H/L-CBHs and non-H/L-CBHs was 42% versus 46%, respectively.

    Conclusions

    Despite practicing prevention measures with greater frequency, H/L-CBHs had more COVID-19 cases. H/L-CBHs worked in conditions with a higher likelihood of exposure. H/L-CBHs had increased housing and food assistance needs due to the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccine acceptability was similarly low (<50%) between groups.

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