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5 results

  • Handling missing data in an FFQ: multiple imputation and nutrient intake estimates

  • Mari Ichikawa, Akihiro Hosono, Yuya Tamai, Miki Watanabe, Kiyoshi Shibata, Shoko Tsujimura, Kyoko Oka, Hitomi Fujita, Naoko Okamoto, Mayumi Kamiya, Fumi Kondo, Ryozo Wakabayashi, Taiji Noguchi, Tatsuya Isomura, Nahomi Imaeda, Chiho Goto, Tamaki Yamada, Sadao Suzuki
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 22 / Issue 8 / June 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 February 2019, pp. 1351-1360
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  • Objective

    We aimed to examine missing data in FFQ and to assess the effects on estimating dietary intake by comparing between multiple imputation and zero imputation.

    Design

    We used data from the Okazaki Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study. A self-administered questionnaire including an FFQ was implemented at baseline (FFQ1) and 5-year follow-up (FFQ2). Missing values in FFQ2 were replaced by corresponding FFQ1 values, multiple imputation and zero imputation.

    Setting

    A methodological sub-study of the Okazaki J-MICC study.

    Participants

    Of a total of 7585 men and women aged 35–79 years at baseline, we analysed data for 5120 participants who answered all items in FFQ1 and at least 50% of items in FFQ2.

    Results

    Among 5120 participants, the proportion of missing data was 3·7%. The increasing number of missing food items in FFQ2 varied with personal characteristics. Missing food items not eaten often in FFQ2 were likely to represent zero intake in FFQ1. Most food items showed that the observed proportion of zero intake was likely to be similar to the probability that the missing value is zero intake. Compared with FFQ1 values, multiple imputation had smaller differences of total energy and nutrient estimates, except for alcohol, than zero imputation.

    Conclusions

    Our results indicate that missing values due to zero intake, namely missing not at random, in FFQ can be predicted reasonably well from observed data. Multiple imputation performed better than zero imputation for most nutrients and may be applied to FFQ data when missing is low.

  • Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in the Outflow Tract in Normal and Abnormal Cardiogenesis

  • Michiko Watanabe, Midori Hitomi, Denver Sallee, Anjum Jafri, Florence Rothenberg, Kathy van der Wee, Steven A. Fisher
  • Journal:
    / Volume 7 / Issue S2 / August 2001
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 July 2020, pp. 594-595
    Print publication:
    August 2001

  • Apoptosis peaks within the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) myocardium during chick development (stage 30-31) and coincides with dramatic remodeling of the OFT 4. Apoptosis was assayed by TUNEL, Annexin V, transmission electron microscopy, and Lysotracker Red (Fig. 1-4). These assays reveal that as many as 92% of the apoptotic cells express cardiomyocyte markers. The timing of apoptosis suggests that it may occur to allow proper alignment of the great vessels over their respective ventricles. Our current aims are to determine the consequences of disturbing OFT cardiomyocyte cell death to heart morphogenesis and to elucidate the cellular and molecular components that initiate and regulate this high level of apoptosis.

    To enhance apoptosis in the OFT myocardium, recombinant adenoviruses were injected into the pericardial space to deliver the gene for the death ligand Fas-L to the cardiomyocytes of chicken embryos prior to the stages when OFT remodeling occurs.