A new approach of social therapy for criminal offenders was applied in Penalty Facility in Niš, Serbia. It is based on three month peer-training focusing on recognizing of triggers for anger, understanding emotional manifestation and learning socially acceptable ways of anger expression.

To estimate how the impact of pear-based training influences the level of agression of criminal offenders in prison settings.

One hander and six prisoners were randomly assigned to program. The six previously educated inmates trained the participants through 12 work-shops. An independent professional evaluated change in aggression levels after training using Buss&Perry Aggression Scale. We compared subgroups with shorter versus longer sentences pre and post training using Student’s t test. And univariate logistic regression analysis for impacts of sociodemographic variables on aggression scores.

We found a significant higher scores of anger (6.6 ± 4.7 & 11.8 ± 4.2, p=0,043) hostility (15.5 ± 8 & 20.1 ± 6.5, p=0,029) and total aggression (32 ± 14 & 48 ± 21, p=0,023 in subgroup with longer sentences at baseline. After training anger (12.4 ± 4.8 & 15.5 ± 5.6, p= 0,0167), physical aggression (14.6 ± 51. & 17.2 ± 5.6 ,p=0,024) and total aggression score (55.5 ± 14.1 & 68.2 ± 18, p=0,0152) remained higher in the group with sentences more than five years. Lower education level is associated with undesirable outcome-higher level of aggression after training.

Three months training was not sufficient for adopting skills for better control of aggressive behavior in criminal offenders never the less the length of the sentences.

None Declared

Primary health care (PHC) supported long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in attending COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study is to describe the role of PHC in LTCFs in Europe during the early phase of the pandemic.

Retrospective descriptive study from 30 European countries using data from September 2020 collected with an ad hoc semi-structured questionnaire. Related variables are SARS-CoV-2 testing, contact tracing, follow-up, additional testing, and patient care.

Twenty-six out of the 30 European countries had PHC involvement in LTCFs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PHC participated in initial medical care in 22 countries, while, in 15, PHC was responsible for SARS-CoV-2 test along with other institutions. Supervision of individuals in isolation was carried out mostly by LTCF staff, but physical examination or symptom’s follow-up was performed mainly by PHC.

PHC has participated in COVID-19 pandemic assistance in LTCFs in coordination with LTCF staff, public health officers, and hospitals.

We observe the schizophrenia process through specific structural terms - specific models and shapes of the internalisation deficit and consequental structural variability.

We describe the specific influence of the developmental deficit on the schizophrenic process by presenting the case of a 17 year old female patient diagnosed with schizophrenic psychosis hebefrenic form. By observing the patient's life history, we interpreted her psychological development throug early introjective configurations, identification process, the phase of forming realistic images of the self and the outher world and the forming of the Ego identity. The current state is explained throug deficit Ego functions.

The bringing up of the patient in an unstable and disturbing primary family group, with the mother suffering from Sch psychosis and a grandmother addicted to alchocol, caused pathological modifications in the introjective process and forming of a confused Ego identity. Fragility, non-differentiality and polar exclusiveness of mental representations, which is dependant on the characteristics of the primary object relationschipts, form an insecure mental structure which the patient uses to schape her perception of herself and the world, which can be phenomenologically recognised in the direct and inner presentation of the devil and god as clear and utterly scharp opposites.

The schizophrenic process is connected to the developmental deficit which is conditioned by the failure to organize and integrate the inherent structures forming the core of individual self organization. This essentialy directs development toward the schizophrenic process.

To evaluate the initial (3 months) all-cause discontinuation and safety of aripiprazole once-monthly 400mg (AOM-400mg), an extended release injectable suspension of aripiprazole, stratified by previous treatment.

These two studies (NCT00705783 & NCT00706654) were double-blind, placebo- or active-controlled assessing the efficacy and safety of AOM-400mg. Detailed study designs have been reported previously (1, 2). This analysis was conducted on the pooled population in the first 3 months after initiating AOM-400mg treatment, on patients who received at least one dose of AOM-400mg. Outcome measures are reported for groups stratified by prior treatment.

During the first 3 months of treatment, discontinuation due to all-causes (except for those who discontinued due to the sponsor stopping the NCT00705783 study early after pre-specified efficacy parameters were met) as well as due to adverse events are presented in Table 1. The rates of insomnia and akathisia are shown in Table 1

Aripiprazole once-monthly 400mg appeared equally safe and effective (as measured by all cause discontinuation) in the first 3 months after initiation, regardless of treatment prior to entering trials.

Longer duration of untreated bipolar disorder (DUB) can lead to a prolonged exposure to inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, that are believed to underlie etiopathogenesis of bipolar affective disorder (BAD), and thus cause a more severe course of illness as well as difficulties in the maintenance of remission.

The aim was to determine the relationship between DUB and socio-demographic characteristics, along with clinical characteristics related to the course of illness, applied psychopharmacotherapy and the ability to maintain an adequate remission over 24 months period following hospital treatment.

The study used retrospective design and included patients with BAD (n = 127), hospitalized between 2006 and 2010. We acquired data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, previous treatment and the information on posthospital period between 0 and 24 months.

The average DUB was 130.59 ± 108.44 months. Patients with longer DUB presented with higher number of mood episodes of BAP, higher number of inpatient treatments, and required a significantly higher dose of lithium in the remission period. Female patients and those with metabolic syndrome more frequently failed to maintain remission for more than 24 months.

Interventions for monitoring of DUB, its diminishing duration, early detection and recognition, and timely treatment, would be useful for fewer relapses and therefore a better course and outcome of BAP. Furthermore, the results of the study strongly imply that a systematic, longitudinal monitoring of the course of illness and potential inflammatory, endocrine and metabolic markers that underlie its systemic nature is recommended.

Stress is an integral part of parenting. The stress of parenting is especially increased at parents of children with developmental disabilities, which can have negative effects on the health of the parents, the relationship with the child and total parental behavior. The objective of this work is to assess the level of stress of parenting among parents of children with developmental disabilities. Parents were involved in workshops support within a regional project. The workshops were conducted twice a month, in the duration of two hours, during the one-year period. The workshops were led by experts in various fields, and work with parents was psycho-educational and supportive. The assessment was made using the questionnaire Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, within the two time frames, at the beginning of the project and after 12 months. The results showed that nearly two-thirds of parents of children with disabilities were under clinically significant stress at the beginning of the service. By retesting after twelve months, it was found that parental stress decreased, and the decrease is particularly evident in the parental competence experience. Although stress is reduced to some extent by the way the parent is experiencing emotional exchange with the child, its level still remains high.

Our experience shows that supportive workshops, which we participated in significantly, but insufficiently contributed to the stress reduction among parents. This paper discusses other possible interventions, which would specifically be aimed at developing strategies for reductions of clinically high level of parental stress.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Criterion A2 causes many controversies in the diagnostic process of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among young children. Depending on the manner in which the trauma is indirectly experienced, clinical picture of disorder could be formed by different groups of symptoms. Profiles of symptoms groups are dependent of children ability to speak, describe or of play observation by expert.

The study included 8 children younger than 6 with PTSD diagnosis. Children were observed in a routine clinical practice.

Examinees under the age of six, whose can describe traumatic event, produce symptoms that represent compaction of a traumatic event, associated with fantasies and meanings related to previous traumatic experiences. Reexperiencing symptoms associated with A2 criterion (intrusive thoughts, images, scenes of the traumatic event, recurring nightmares with oneiric sequences of the accident) were rare. Avoidance and inhibited reactions were attributable.

Manners in which children younger than 6 experienced the trauma shows a large range from florid symptoms stated by the existing accepted classification. The results point out possible multifactorial cause of PTSD etiology.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Epidemiological data indicate that 30% to 50% of young people contact the child psychiatrist for behavioral disorders problems. Protective factors research that reduce the risk of conduct disorders are just as important as the research of risk factors. The aim of this work is to introduce the preventive factors in the reduction of conduct disorders, including 4 domains: individual, family, school and community. The emphasis is placed on preventive factors at the community level, which are covered by the national, state and local policies that support programs oriented towards children and young people. Good infrastructural community support enable young people to participate in activities where they have opportunities to make choices, make decisions and share responsibility. These experiences help young people to develop new skills, increase their self-confidence and make the difference, while such programs help adults to create a basis for understanding and working together with young and engaged people.

The interest in the behavior of young people and their perspective creates a culture of care for young people instead of a culture of ignoring or even marking behavior among young people as deviant and antagonistic, which has a significant preventive effect on the development of behavior disorder.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.