SN1991bg-like supernovae are a distinct subclass of thermonuclear Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Their spectral and photometric peculiarities indicate that their progenitors and explosion mechanisms differ from ‘normal’ SNe Ia. One method of determining information about supernova progenitors we cannot directly observe is to observe the stellar population adjacent to the apparent supernova explosion site to infer the distribution of stellar population ages and metallicities. We obtain integral field observations and analyse the spectra extracted from regions of projected radius $\sim\,\text{kpc}$ about the apparent SN explosion site for 11 91bg-like SNe in both early- and late-type galaxies. We utilise full-spectrum spectral fitting to determine the ages and metallicities of the stellar population within the aperture. We find that the majority of the stellar populations that hosted 91bg-like supernovae have little recent star formation. The ages of the stellar populations suggest that that 91bg-like SN progenitors explode after delay times of >6 Gyr, much longer than the typical delay time of normal SNe Ia, which peaks at $\sim$1 Gyr.

Few studies have investigated nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in no-tillage (NT) tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) production systems, even though N fertilization is known to influence tobacco cured leaf yield and quality. The present study evaluated how tillage practice and N fertilizer rate affected burley tobacco agronomic performance, plant available nitrogen (PAN) supply, and leaf chemical constituents. In 2012 and 2013, three N fertilizer rates (0, 140 and 280 kg N/ha) were introduced as split-plots within a long-term NT and conventional tillage (CT) (mouldboard plough) comparison study. Results (2007–2013) showed that the effect of tillage on tobacco yield depended on seasonal weather; NT tobacco appeared to have lower yield than CT tobacco in seasons with <450 mm growing season rainfall, but similar yields when rainfall was >500 mm. In 2012 (432 mm rainfall; 84% of the long-term seasonal mean), leaf SPAD reading, leaf nitrate concentration, total nitrogen concentration at the topping day (i.e. removal of flowers/buds at the tops of the plants) and cured leaf nicotine and alkaloid content suggested that N deficiency was more pronounced in NT than CT at the lowest N fertilizer rate. The PAN supply, as measured by a modified in situ resin core method, was similar in 2012 between NT and CT, suggesting that plant factors may have had a role in N uptake efficiency. This scenario did not repeat in 2013 (706 mm rainfall; 137% of the long-term seasonal mean). Even though N fertilization rates were identical for both tillage practices in 2012 and 2013, PAN was lower, on average, in 2012. Because N uptake is largely the result of mass flow, the impact of reduced root density in NT tobacco would be expected to be more pronounced in a season such as 2012, when water was limited. Banding N close to the tobacco root system and/or side-dressing some portion of N may be recommended strategies to improve N use efficiency in NT burley tobacco production.

Fusulinacean foraminifera have been described from several localities and horizons within the Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian of the North American midcontinent (Beede, 1916; Dunbar and Condra, 1927; Skinner, 1931; Newell, 1934; Newell and Keroher, 1937; Merchant and Keroher, 1939; Dunbar and Henbest, 1942; Burma, 1942; Thompson, 1954, 1957; Thompson et al., 1956; Douglass, 1962; King, 1988; Sanderson and Verville, 1988), but surprisingly, a comprehensive account of fusulinacean biostratigraphy of the stratotype of the Upper Pennsylvanian Virgilian Stage has never been published. This report summarizes fusulinacean biostratigraphic data from the Virgilian section in the stratotype region of southeastern Kansas. The publication of this dataset is particularly important because of the current efforts to standardize global Pennsylvanian chronostratigraphy (Metcalfe, 1997), and related efforts and debates concerning the definition and correlation of stages in the Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian succession of North America.

This is a short account of some of the work of L. G. (Laci) Kovács on varieties of groups.

We have carried out a detailed modelling of the dust heating and emission in the nearby, starbursting dwarf galaxy NGC 4214. Due to its proximity and the great wealth of data from the UV to the millimeter range (from GALEX, HST, Spitzer, Herschel, Planck and IRAM) it is possible to separately model the emission from HII regions and their associated photodissociation regions (PDRs) and the emission from diffuse dust. Furthermore, most model parameters can be directly determined from the data leaving very few free parameters. We can fit both the emission from HII+PDR regions and the diffuse emission in NGC 4214 with these models with “normal” dust properties and realistic parameters.

Let L be a finitely generated Lie algebra which is a split extension of a free nilpotent Lie algebra N by a finite dimensional abelian Lie algebra. Let V denote the quotient of N by its commutator subalgebra; we can regard V as a module for L/N. We discuss the relationship between the homological finiteness properties of V and those of L. In particular, we show that if L has type FPm and N has class c then V is 1 + c(m − 1)-tame (equivalently, the (1 + c(m − 1))th tensor power of V is finitely generated under the diagonal action of L/N).

We investigated the nosology of endogenous depression by numerical taxonomy. Five hundred and sixty-nine patients diagnosed as having unipolar major depressive disorder in the NIMH Clinical Research Branch Program on the Psychobiology of Depression – Clnical were studied. Thirty-six symptoms which might distinguish endogenous from non-endogenous depressions were chosen from the literature. Patients' symptom profiles assessed by structured interview were grouped by two methods: a K-means improvement of Ward's method of cluster analysis, and a latent class algorithm. The methods produced very similar groups and several internal validity criteria suggested that the groups were not spurious. Cluster 1, ‘nuclear depression,’ included a nucleus of patients common to multiple definitions of endogenous depression. The non-nuclear group scored as less neurotic than the nuclear group on personality tests administered during the index episode. The groups do not differ in frequency, number or severity of reported life events prior to onset of the index episode. The nuclear group shows a poor prognosis on two-year prospective follow-up, greater disturbance on personality inventories, and increased heritability of depression in siblings.

We describe a class of soluble groups with a finite complete rewriting system which includes all the soluble groups known to have such a system. It is an open question, related to deep questions in the theory of groups, whether it includes all soluble groups with such a system.

We show that for every natural number m a finitely generated metabelian group G embeds in a quotient of a metabelian group of type $\textit{FP}_m$. Furthermore, if $m \leq 4$, the group G can be embedded in a metabelian group of type $\textit{FP}_m$. For L a finitely generated metabelian Lie algebra over a field K and a natural number m we show that, provided the characteristic p of K is 0 or $p > m$, then L can be embedded in a metabelian Lie algebra of type $\textit{FP}_m$. This result is the best possible as for $0 < p\leq m$ every metabelian Lie algebra over K of type $\textit{FP}_m$ is finite dimensional as a vector space.

The benefits of integrated INS/GPS systems are well known. However, the knowledge required to jam GPS is becoming public and the hardware to achieve this is basic. When GPS data are unavailable and a low grade INS is used, navigation accuracy quickly degrades to an unacceptable level. The addition of one or more terrain referenced navigation (TRN) systems to an integrated INS/GPS navigation system enables the INS to be calibrated during GPS outages, increasing the robustness of the overall navigation solution. TRN techniques are compared and integration architectures are reviewed. For the initial studies of INS/GPS/TRN integration, radar altimeter based terrain contour navigation (TCN) with a batch processing algorithm is used in conjunction with a centralised integration filter. Four different approaches for using these TCN fixes to calibrate the INS are compared. These are a best fix method, a weighted fix method using a probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) and single and multi-hypothesis versions of the Iterative Gaussian Mixture Approximation of the Posterior (IGMAP) method. Simulation results are presented showing that the single hypothesis IGMAP technique offers the best balance between accuracy, robustness and processing efficiency.

We sought to determine the source of a norovirus outbreak among attendees of 46 weddings taking place during a single weekend. Norovirus-compatible illness was experienced by 332 (39%) of wedding guests surveyed; the outbreak affected up to 2700 persons. Illness was associated with eating wedding cake provided by a bakery common to the weddings (adjusted RR 4·5, P<0·001). A cake requiring direct hand contact during its preparation accounted for the majority of illness. At least two bakery employees experienced norovirus-compatible illness during the week preceding the weddings. Identical sequence types of norovirus were detected in stool specimens submitted by two wedding guests, a wedding hall employee, and one of the ill bakery employees. It is likely that one or more food workers at the bakery contaminated the wedding cakes through direct and indirect contact. These findings reinforce the necessity of proper food-handling practices and of policies that discourage food handlers from working while ill.

Summary

Background and objective: It is important to provide good postoperative analgesia after discharge from day case surgery. The usefulness of intra-articular morphine for analgesia after day case knee arthroscopy remains controversial. A large dose of morphine intra-articularly may provide a good long-lasting analgesia, but its efficacy and pharmacokinetics are not known and may be no better than intramuscular morphine. We compared the effect of 10 mg intra-articular and intramuscular morphine for 24 h post-injection in a randomized double-blind study.

Methods: Forty adults undergoing knee arthroscopy were recruited and received either 10 mg morphine intra-articularly or intramuscularly. Our primary outcome was overall visual analogue assessment of pain (0–100 mm scale where 0 is no pain and 100 is worst possible pain) between 4 h (on discharge) and 24 h (postoperatively). Plasma morphine concentrations were measured at 15 min, and 1, 2, 4 and 24 h. The use of additional analgesia was noted.

Results: The assessment of pain experienced between discharge (4 h) and 24 h was significantly better in the intra-articular (n = 20; mean ± SD: 18 ± 19) than the intramuscular (n = 19; mean ± SD: 34 ± 20) group (P = 0.027). The number of patients consuming any additional analgesia between discharge and 24 h was significantly lower in the intra-articular morphine group (P = 0.038), with 4 (20%) patients in the intra-articular group and 11 (60%) patients in the intramuscular group consuming supplementary analgesia. There were no differences in plasma morphine concentrations between the groups.

Conclusions: A large dose of intra-articular morphine provided better analgesia than the same dose of intramuscular morphine, low plasma morphine levels suggesting a peripheral mechanism.

High velocity shocks may provide an important source of ionizing radiation in the NLR of active galaxies. Here we present preliminary results of a new grid of MAPPINGS III shock models for shock velocities up to 1000 km s−1. This grid significantly extends the parameter space covered by the previous models, and will serve as an important component in building multi-process models of the NLR.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We present results of a self-consistent model of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of starburst galaxies. Two parameters control the IR SED, the mean pressure in the ISM and the destruction timescale of molecular clouds. Adding a simplified AGN spectrum provides mixing lines on IRAS color : color diagrams. This reproduces the observed colors of both AGNs and starbursts.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html