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Textual Identities in Early Medieval England

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Jacqueline Fay, Rebecca Stephenson, Renée R. Trilling
  • Book:
    Textual Identities in Early Medieval England
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    26 May 2022
    Print publication:
    11 March 2022, pp 1-10

  • Summary

    While the linguistic exercises of the Colloquy show it to be an elementary text for language acquisition, I argue that it had other work to do. ‘Esto quod es’ [Be what you are] is the phrase that shows that work to us; it speaks to the need for forming identity while claiming that identity is always already formed; it shows us the nexus between language learning and naturalization into monastic life; most remarkably, it speaks to anxieties over the will of oblates, whose religious commitments were made by others.

    IN WRITING of Ælfric's Colloquy, Katherine O’Brien O’Keeffe begins by analyzing the oft-quoted and apparently straightforward injunction, ‘esto quod es’ [be what you are]. In Katherine's reading, ‘Be what you are’ becomes not just an easy-to-translate phrase for Latin learners, but a command to embrace their new identity through the many different practices that turn oblates into monks. Her focus on a single innocuous phrase becomes a fulcrum that opens up her inquiry to larger questions of epistemology and identity formation, rooted in the quotidian practices of the monastic schoolroom. The mundane details of everyday life, routinely overlooked when we ask big questions, become the foundation for understanding an entire worldview: to use Katherine's phrase, they have other work to do. What ‘esto quod es’ means was never in dispute, but Katherine made us rethink how it means, unpacking one of the simplest phrases in Anglo-Latin literature to reveal a complex site that constitutes monastic identity.

    This keen ability to deduce large structures – like identity, agency, subjectivity – from the easily overlooked details of the everyday characterizes all of Katherine O’Brien O’Keeffe's work. Seemingly unremarkable facets of early English culture, from punctuation to formulaic language, become the foundation for a complete reorientation of the material that introduces a mode of investigation that was not previously possible. In other words, Katherine pioneered a methodology that used some of the medievalist’s strongest tools, philology and textual criticism, to reconstruct entire edi-fices of medieval thought. By focusing on minute pedestrian details of composition, for example, we can uncover the assumptions that went (quite literally) without saying for medieval scribes, but are opaque to modern scholars.

  • Halting Antipsychotic Use in Long-Term care (HALT): a single-arm longitudinal study aiming to reduce inappropriate antipsychotic use in long-term care residents with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

  • Tiffany Jessop, Fleur Harrison, Monica Cations, Brian Draper, Lynn Chenoweth, Sarah Hilmer, Juanita Westbury, Lee-Fay Low, Megan Heffernan, Perminder Sachdev, Jacqueline Close, Jenny Blennerhassett, Millicent Marinkovich, Allan Shell, Henry Brodaty
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 29 / Issue 8 / August 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 March 2017, pp. 1391-1403
  • Background:

    Inappropriate use of antipsychotic medications to manage Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) continues despite revised guidelines and evidence for the associated risks and side effects. The aim of the Halting Antipsychotic Use in Long-Term care (HALT) project is to identify residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities on antipsychotic medications, and undertake an intervention to deprescribe (or cease) these medicines and improve non-pharmacological behavior management.

    Methods:

    LTC facilities will be recruited across Sydney, Australia. Resident inclusion criteria will be aged over 60 years, on regular antipsychotic medication, and without a primary psychotic illness or very severe BPSD, as measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Data collection will take place one month and one week prior to commencement of deprescribing; and 3, 6 and 12 months later. During the period prior to deprescribing, training will be provided for care staff on how to reduce and manage BPSD using person-centered approaches, and general practitioners of participants will be provided academic detailing. The primary outcome measure will be reduction of regular antipsychotic medication without use of substitute psychotropic medications. Secondary outcome measures will be NPI total and domain scores, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory scores and adverse events, including falls and hospitalizations.

    Conclusion:

    While previous studies have described strategies to minimize inappropriate use of antipsychotic medications in people with dementia living in long-term care, sustainability and a culture of prescribing for BPSD in aged care remain challenges. The HALT project aims to evaluate the feasibility of a multi-disciplinary approach for deprescribing antipsychotics in this population.

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