The crystal structure of sparsentan has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Sparsentan crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 11.4214(8), b = 12.0045(9), c = 14.1245(12) Å, α = 97.6230(22), β = 112.4353(16), γ = 110.2502(11)°, V = 1599.20(6) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of an isotropic packing of dimers of sparsentan molecules, linked by N–H···O=S hydrogen bonds. Several intra- and intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···N hydrogen bonds also link the molecules. The powder pattern has been submitted to the International Centre for Diffraction Data for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The Cambrian edrioasteroid “Totiglobus” spencensis Wen et al., 2019 is redescribed on the basis of a new and exquisitely preserved specimen from the Cambrian Wuliuan of the Spence Shale Member, Langston Formation (Utah). This new occurrence is associated with soft-body preservation of several invertebrate groups and other shelly fossils. The description of “T.” spencensis was originally based on a single poorly preserved specimen. As a result, some of its features, such as curvature of the ambulacra and morphology of floor and cover plates, were misinterpreted or unavailable. The new material allows a new placement in Sprinkleoglobus spencensis n. comb. (Wen et al., 2019) on the basis of the general shape of the theca, attachment disc, and biserial flooring plates with podial pores and multiple cover plate series. The attachment disc of the new specimen lies in contact with a trilobite librigena, supporting evidence that this taxon is one of the earliest known examples of attachment to hard, mineralized substrata among Edrioasteroidea.

The crystal structure of flumethasone has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Flumethasone crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 6.46741(5), b = 24.91607(20), c = 12.23875(11) Å, β = 90.9512(6)°, V = 1971.91(4) Å3, and Z = 4 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of O–H⋯O hydrogen-bonded double layers of flumethasone molecules parallel to the ac-plane. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of diroximel fumarate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Diroximel fumarate crystallizes in space group P-1 (#2) with a = 6.12496(15), b = 8.16516(18), c = 12.7375(6) Å, α = 85.8174(21), β = 81.1434(12), γ = 71.1303(3)°, V = 595.414(23) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of interleaved double layers of hook-shaped molecules parallel to the ab-plane. The side chains form the inner portion of the layers, and the rings comprise the outer surfaces. There are no classical hydrogen bonds in the structure, but 9 C▬H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystal energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of etrasimod has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Etrasimod crystallizes in space group P1 (#1) with a = 10.6131(5), b = 10.7003(5), c = 11.1219(8) Å, α = 72.756(2), β = 76.947(2), γ = 77.340(1)°, V = 1159.28(6) Å3, and Z = 2 at 298 K. The crystal structure contains O▬H⋯O hydrogen-bonded etrasimod dimers, which lie in layers approximately parallel to the (2,0,−1) plane. The amino group of each molecule forms an intramolecular N▬H⋯O hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group of the adjacent carboxylic acid group. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Vaccines have revolutionised the field of medicine, eradicating and controlling many diseases. Recent pandemic vaccine successes have highlighted the accelerated pace of vaccine development and deployment. Leveraging this momentum, attention has shifted to cancer vaccines and personalised cancer vaccines, aimed at targeting individual tumour-specific abnormalities. The UK, now regarded for its vaccine capabilities, is an ideal nation for pioneering cancer vaccine trials. This article convened experts to share insights and approaches to navigate the challenges of cancer vaccine development with personalised or precision cancer vaccines, as well as fixed vaccines. Emphasising partnership and proactive strategies, this article outlines the ambition to harness national and local system capabilities in the UK; to work in collaboration with potential pharmaceutic partners; and to seize the opportunity to deliver the pace for rapid advances in cancer vaccine technology.

Molnupiravir Form I crystallizes in space group C2 (#5) with a = 6.48110(17), b = 8.71848(19), c = 27.0607(19) Å, β = 91.920(4)°, V = 1528.22(12) Å3, and Z = 4 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of supramolecular double layers of molecules parallel to the ab-plane. The layer centers consist of hydrogen-bonded rings forming a 2D network and the outer surfaces of isopropyl groups, with van der Waals interactions between the layers. Each O atom acts as an acceptor in at least one hydrogen bond. A strong O–H⋯O hydrogen bond forms between the hydroxyl group of the oxolane ring and the carbonyl group of the oxopyrimidine ring. The other oxolane hydroxyl group forms bifurcated intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The hydroxylamino group forms an intramolecular O–H⋯N hydrogen bond with an N atom of the oxopyrimidine ring. The amino group forms an intermolecular N–H⋯N hydrogen bond to the same N atom of the ring. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Fossil egg capsules of chimaeroids (holocephalian fishes), although rare, have been known for more than 150 years (Bessels, 1869; Meunier, 1891a) and have been found in rocks as old as Upper Triassic (Gottfried and Fordyce, 2014). Egg capsules of extant chimaeroids are spindle shaped, with a smooth central body where the embryo develops, an elongate anterior beak through which the hatchling emerges, and an elongate posterior pedicle. The capsules are flanked by a lateral membrane or web on both sides, and the web is reinforced with branching or unbranching rib-like costae that extend laterally from the central body, beak, and pedicle. Specimens are typically about 10–30 cm long. Egg capsules of extant chimaeroids are made of collagen (Hamlett et al., 2005) and as fossils, chimaeroid egg capsules are typically preserved as external casts (Fischer et al., 2014).

The crystal structure of cariprazine dihydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Cariprazine dihydrochloride crystallizes in space group P21/n (#14) with a = 27.26430(14), b = 7.29241(1), c = 12.80879(4) Å, β = 99.5963(2)°, V = 2511.038(8) Å3, and Z = 4 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of layers of cations parallel to the bc-plane. The cations stack along the b-axis. Each H atom on the two protonated N atoms participates in a discrete N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bond. One Cl anion acts as an acceptor in two of these bonds, while the other Cl is an acceptor in only one bond. The result is to link the cations and anions into columns parallel to the b-axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to the ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

In order to study the structure and temperature distribution within high-mass star-forming clumps, we employed the Australia Telescope Compact Array to image the $\mathrm{NH}_3$ (J,K) = (1,1) through (6,6) and the (2,1) inversion transitions, the $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$ $6_{16}$-$5_{23}$ maser line at 22.23508 GHz, several $\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{OH}$ lines and hydrogen and helium recombination lines. In addition, 22- and 24-GHz radio continuum emission was also imaged.

The $\mathrm{NH}_3$ lines probe the optical depth and gas temperature of compact structures within the clumps. The $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$ maser pinpoints the location of shocked gas associated with star formation. The recombination lines and the continuum emission trace the ionised gas associated with hot OB stars. The paper describes the data and presents sample images and spectra towards select clumps. The technique for estimating gas temperature from $\mathrm{NH}_3$ line ratios is described. The data show widespread hyperfine intensity anomalies in the $\mathrm{NH}_3$ (1,1) images, an indicator of non-LTE $\mathrm{NH}_3$ excitation. We also identify several new $\mathrm{NH}_3$ (3,3) masers associated with shocked gas. Towards AGAL328.809+00.632, the $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$ $6_{16}$-$5_{23}$ line, normally seen as a maser, is instead seen as a thermally excited absorption feature against a strong background continuum. The data products are described in detail.

The crystal structure of benserazide hydrochloride Form I has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Benserazide hydrochloride Form I crystallizes in space group P21/n (#14) with a = 19.22983(15), b = 14.45066(10), c = 4.57982(2) Å, β = 93.6935(3), V = 1270.014(15) Å3, and Z = 4 at 295 K. The crystal structure contains pairs of hydrogen-bonded benserazide cations, which are hydrogen bonded to chloride anions, resulting in chains along the c-axis. In addition, O–H⋯Cl, N–H⋯O, O–H⋯N, and O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional framework. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

A proposed crystal structure of lifitegrast Form A has been derived using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Lifitegrast sesquihydrate Form A crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 18.2526(4), b = 5.15219(6), c = 30.1962(6) Å, β = 90.8670(19), V = 2839.35(7) Å3, and Z = 4 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of discrete lifitegrast molecules linked by hydrogen bonds among carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl groups, and water molecules into a three-dimensional framework. The water molecules occur in clusters. Each water molecule acts as a donor in two O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and as an acceptor. One water molecule acts as an acceptor in a water–water O–H⋯O hydrogen bond, and all three water molecules are acceptors in C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Each carboxylic acid group acts as a donor in a strong discrete O–H⋯O hydrogen bond; one to a water molecule and the other to a carbonyl group. The amino groups both form N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds to carbonyl groups. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The crystal structure of decoquinate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Decoquinate crystallizes in space group P21/n (#14) with a = 46.8261(5), b = 12.94937(12), c = 7.65745(10) Å, β = 91.972(1), V = 4640.48(7) Å3, and Z = 8 at 295 K. The crystal structure consists of alternating layers of hydrocarbon chains and ring systems along the a-axis. Hydrogen bonds link the ring systems along the b-axis. The rings stack along the c-axis. The two independent decoquinate molecules have very different conformations, one of which is typical and the other has an unusual orientation of the decyl chain with respect to the hydroxyquinoline ring system, facilitating chain packing. The powder pattern has been submitted to the ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

The Ethics Committee at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) developed a Bioethics Ambassador Program (BAP); a yearlong educational program to assist clinical and non-clinical staff develop the skills to identify and address common burgeoning ethical issues that can arise during the provision of care to patients with cancer. The goal was to provide greater awareness of the role and services of Ethics, particularly at the institution’s geographically-diverse outpatient care centers and to better-instill a culture of preventative ethics. This article discusses the design and implementation of the first two years of the program and analyzes its strengths, weaknesses, and impact on MSK.

Ice shelves regulate the flow of the Antarctic ice sheet toward the ocean and its contribution to sea-level rise. Accurately monitoring the basal and surface melting of ice shelves is therefore essential for predicting the ice sheet's response to climatic warming. In this study, we utilize Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery combined with shipboard measurements of water temperature and salinity to investigate the presence of surficial meltwater plumes along the Antarctic coastline. Our approach reveals a strong correlation between areas of pronounced low radar backscatter extending from ice shelves and significant decreases in water temperature and salinity, suggesting meltwater-enriched ocean waters. We propose that the low radar backscatter signature of meltwater outflows is caused by stable stratification of the upper water column, driven by density contrasts from buoyant, low-salinity meltwater and surface current shear that reduce Bragg scattering waves. The resulting smooth water surfaces were observed adjacent to the surface expression of deep basal channels, documented in a helicopter survey along part of the Bellingshausen Sea ice edge. We present high-temporal resolution satellite radar as a tool for identifying meltwater release from beneath ice shelves, capable of all-weather, day-and-night imaging.

The crystal structure of gepirone has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Gepirone crystallizes in space group P21/a (#14) with a = 16.81794(14), b = 11.71959(5), c = 10.10195(4) Å, β = 95.7012(5)°, V = 1981.239(14) Å3, and Z = 4 at 298 K. The crystal structure consists of discrete gepirone molecules. There are no classical hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure, but several intra- and intermolecular C–H⋯N and C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the lattice energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).