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In recent years, manga and anime have attracted increasing scholarly interest beyond the realm of Japanese studies. This Companion takes a unique approach, committed to exploring both the similarities and differences between these two distinct but interrelated media forms. Firmly based in Japanese sources, this volume offers a lively and accessible introduction, exploring the local contexts of manga and anime production, distribution, and reception in Japan, as well as the global influence and impact of these versatile media. Chapters explore common characteristics such as visuals, voice, serial narrative and characters, whilst also highlighting distinct challenges and histories. The volume provides both a basis for further research in this burgeoning field and a source of inspiration for those new to the topic.
The Introduction delineates the types of manga and anime addressed in this Companion and how they are approached, before outlining the individual contributions in the order of their appearance, as well as their interrelations. It begins with the terms used for “manga” and “anime” in Japanese whose scope is narrowed to the globally recognizable types in order to accommodate their correlation within this book. Historical, aesthetic, demographic, subcultural, and industrial commonalities of the two media forms are mentioned. This is followed by a brief explanation of the book’s prevailing new-formalist approach, which manifests in its structure: nine sections on specific aspects that are addressed from the perspectives of manga studies and anime studies respectively. Finally, the decision to do without a particular history chapter, and having historical commentary be interspersed throughout the volume instead, is clarified.
The most-cited progenitors of manga (and, in part, anime) are medieval picture scrolls (emaki), Hokusai Manga, and 18th-century graphic fiction called kibyōshi. This chapter revisits them from the perspective of modern story-manga. It analyzes textual and material affordances of a manga-typical reading experience, stretching from devices of visual storytelling to publication formats and participatory culture. The emphasis is on demonstrating that correlations of today’s manga with aesthetic traditions may be highly instructive depending on how they are performed, in particular, on which type of manga is compared to which art form from the past against which set of contemporary concerns. As part of this endeavor, the historical contingency of “manga” comes to the fore: as visual art based on line drawing, but also as visual narrative realized through sequenced images and facilitated by transdiegetic devices; as fiction but also non-fiction narratives and non-narrative manuals; as not necessarily “cinematic” but also “theatrical” graphic narratives; and as defined by textual properties but also (sub)cultural practices of use.