Previous studies have indicated that Eno1 may play an important role in Cadmium (Cd) resistance. However, the potential regulatory mechanisms of Eno1 in response to Cd2+ stress are still limited. In this study, we hypothesised that Cd-induced miRNA alteration could effectively regulate PaEno1 (Eno1 in Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae)) under Cd2+ stress. By integrating Illumina miRNA sequencing, real-time quantitative Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RT-qPCR) validation, PaEno1 target prediction and in vivo functional assays, we verified that PaEno1 is a putative target of miR-92a and miR-279d, which potentially mediate the post-transcriptional regulation of PaEno1 under Cd2⁺ stress. RT-qPCR revealed significant downregulation of miR-92a and miR-279d by 2.825–4.225-fold upon long-term Cd exposure. Agomir/antagomir-mediated overexpression and knockdown of the two miRNAs exerted no significant impact on larval survival (Log-rank test, p > 0.05). The hazard ratios were 0.715 and 0.609 for miR-279d (agomir and antagomir), and 0.810 and 0.869 for miR-92a, respectively. The 95% confidence intervals spanned 0.266–1.921 and 0.217–1.712 for miR-279d agomir and antagomir, and 0.399–1.642 and 0.434–1.740 for miR-92a agomir and antagomir, with all intervals crossing the null value of 1. Agomir-induced upregulation of miR-92a and miR-279d dynamically altered the expression of PaEno1, HbV, HbVII, alpha-esterase, and carboxylesterase. Overall, miR-92a and miR-279d act as temporal post-transcriptional regulators of PaEno1 rather than key modulators of Cd tolerance. This work underscores the complexity of miRNA-regulated networks in P. akamusi responding to Cd stress.

We introduce three families of vectors $|\underline {\lambda }^{so}\rangle $, $|\underline {\lambda }^{sp}\rangle $ and $|\underline {\lambda }^{o}\rangle $ parametrized by partitions in the Fock space by using products of adjoint vertex operators. We show that the quotient space of the dual vacuum vector is spanned by the partition vectors indexed by a special family of partitions. The partition-indexed vectors also help us to derive the dual Littlewood identities of types B, C, and D in a new manner associated to the special family of partitions. As an application, we obtain a new free fermionic construction to show that the measures related to dual Littlewood identities introduced by Rains [33, Section 7] and Betea [6, Section 3] are determinantal with respect to some explicit correlation kernels.

Furthermore, we establish a number of generalized Littlewood identities summed over certain restricted partitions by computing the inner products with elements indexed by one-column partitions or generalized partitions $(0^m)$ in the complete dual Fock space. In particular, for each positive integer n, we obtain generalized Littlewood identities for $(-n)$-asymmetric partitions. We show that these generalized Littlewood identities contain several well-known Littlewood-type identities as special cases. Consequently we also give a new proof of the generalized Littlewood identity [28, (5.25)] for Lie superalgebras.

The operational weather radar network is highly suitable for large-scale bird monitoring and early warning systems. This study discusses, compares and contrasts current state-of-the-art technologies for large-scale bird surveillance – including manual observation, satellite tracking, dedicated avian radar and the operational weather radar network – evaluating their respective strengths, limitations and applicability for different monitoring scenarios. Key research questions focus on how to extract reliable bird movement information from weather radar data and how such data can support ecological studies and aviation safety. From the perspective of radar signal analysis, we examine the characteristics of bird echoes in terms of reflectivity, altitude distribution, flight speed and direction. We further review and compare methodologies for distinguishing bird echoes from weather and ground clutter, including clutter suppression, meteorological echo removal, feature extraction, machine learning classification and cross-validation with auxiliary data. Our synthesis demonstrates that weather radar can effectively identify and track bird movements over wide areas, providing valuable data on migration patterns and flight behaviours. These findings have practical significance for applications in avian ecology research and bird strike prevention in aviation.

Replacing soiled bed linens is a common practice in intensive care units . We identified dust-driven transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii correlated with changing bed linens by air sampling and genome-based analysis. This uncovers a hidden airborne route, which needs to be considered to design countermeasures against multidrug-resistant organisms.

The rapid decomposition and uncontrolled release of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) hinder its practical application in an atmosphere of ClO2; if released at an appropriate rate, it will extend the shelf-life of fresh water fruit at least by 10 days. Montmorillonite (Mnt) microspheres with a hollow, mesoporous structure were prepared using a spray-drying approach, with Mnt as a raw material and sodium metasilicate as a structural binder. Characterization revealed that: (1) the walls of the microsphere consist of Mnt nanoparticles ranging from 2 to 20 nm, and mesopores with an average aperture of 3.0 nm; (2) the mesopores connect the interior cavity with exterior space of the microsphere; and (3) Si–O–Si bonds act as bridges to combine different Mnt particles to form the hollow mesoporous structure. The microspheres with a specific surface area of 40.1 m2 g–1 exhibit a tunable and slow-release property for ClO2 and this can be adjusted by the mass ratio of Mnt microspheres to the precursors of ClO2. The power of the microspheres to retain the freshness of seasonal water fruits was demonstrated, and the results show that the microspheres containing 20 wt.% of the precursors of ClO2 can release ClO2 stably over 20 days at a suitable concentration to ensure that the freshness of the fruit is retained. This represents a new use for Mnt.

Despite substantial investment in clinical and translational research, only a small proportion of evidence-based interventions are adopted and sustained in routine practice, contributing to persistent delays between discovery and population benefit. Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is a critical discipline for addressing this gap, and the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (established 2006) has been strategically positioned as a national infrastructure to advance D&I capacity. We conducted a national environmental scan of publicly available websites and documents from all 66 CTSA hubs (May–July 2025), using a structured extraction tool to capture D&I-specific activities across seven domains: institution and community partnerships, formal D&I organizational structures within the CTSA, consultation services, collaborative programming, training opportunities, educational offerings, and pilot funding mechanisms. Findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in D&I science activities across CTSA hubs; 45% had a formal D&I unit, 54% offered D&I consultation services, and 37% provided collaborative programming. Structured workforce development was limited: 12% offered D&I-focused training grants, 15% offered structured educational programs, and 15% provided D&I-specific pilot funding. Consultation models varied widely in scope, access, and evaluation practices. These findings demonstrate uneven development of D&I science infrastructure across CTSAs and highlight opportunities to strengthen capacity nationally.

Existing theoretical analyses on the Faraday instability in Hele-Shaw cells typically adopt gap-averaged governing equations and rely on Hamraoui’s model coming from molecular kinetics theory, thereby oversimplifying essential transverse information, such as contact line velocity and capillary hysteresis, and conflicting with the unsteady meniscus dynamics. In this paper, a gap-resolved approach is developed by directly modelling the transverse gap flow and the contact angle dynamics, which overcomes the aforementioned limitations, ultimately yielding a modified damping with respect to the static contact angle and hysteresis range. A novel amplitude equation for linear Faraday instability is derived that combines this damping and the gap-averaged counterpart based on the oscillatory Stokes boundary layer, with the viscous dissipation preserved. By means of Lyapunov’s first method, an explicit analytical expression for the critical stability boundary is established. Two series of laboratory experiments are performed that focus, respectively, on evolutions of the lateral meniscus and the longitudinal free surface near the Faraday onset, from which key parameters relevant to the theory are precisely measured. Based on the experimental data, the validity of the proposed mathematical model for addressing the Faraday instability problem in Hele-Shaw cells is confirmed, and the generation and development mechanisms of the onset are clarified. In the asymptotic analysis, the inclusion of contact angle dynamics increases the overall damping and thus partially compensates for the frequency detuning introduced by oscillatory Stokes flow approximation.

Carbonatite is one of the major archives of rare earth elements (REEs), and in some cases, its formation is linked to the deep subduction of carbonated ocean crust and REE-rich sediments. The formation conditions of hydroxyl REE carbonate, [Sm(CO3)OH] or ‘hydroxylbastnäsite-(Sm)’ (it is not presently an IMA-approved mineral), in a subduction zone were simulated at 3 GPa and 1073 K. The crystal structure of Sm(CO3)OH was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), which shows the crystal to be hexagonal with cell parameters a = b = 12.2143 (7) Å, c = 9.8393 (6) Å, V = 1271.26 (17) Å3, and space group $P\bar 6$. The high-pressure properties of synthesized Sm(CO3)OH were investigated using in-situ synchrotron powder XRD and Raman spectroscopy at pressures up to 20.9 and 20.6 GPa at ambient temperature, respectively. Additionally, the structural stability of Sm(CO3)OH under pressure and temperature conditions up to 5.9 GPa and 473 K was also investigated using Raman spectroscopy. A third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state fitted to the ambient temperature and high-pressure data points yielded K0 = 76 (11) GPa with K0ʹ = 13 (2), and K0 = 127 (2) GPa if K0ʹ is constrained to a value of 4. Analysis of axial compressible moduli shows an apparent compression anisotropy of Sm(CO3)OH: Ka = 215 (5) GPa and Kc = 265 (5) GPa. Raman spectra of the synthesized quenchable crystal of Sm(CO3)OH displayed no detectable phase transition at the pressure range from ambient to 20.6 GPa, and no noticeable phase transition when the temperature and pressure were increased from ambient conditions to 473 K and 5.9 GPa, respectively. These results suggest that the [Sm(CO3)OH] phase may play a potential role as a conveyor for the migration of rare earth elements (REE), carbon (C) and water (-OH) to the deep Earth during plate subduction.

This paper addresses the challenge of balance control for the underactuated triple pendulum robot (UTPR) using a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) strategy. A curriculum-based Soft Actor-Critic strategy, with a quadratic form and an integral term in the reward function (CSAC-QI), is proposed. By incorporating the integral of cumulative joint angle errors into the reward function, the CSAC-QI method significantly reduces steady-state errors and enhances control precision. CSAC-QI improves convergence efficiency through an adaptive curriculum learning (CL) framework that enables a structured transition from simpler to more complex tasks. To enhance control robustness, motor friction identification and domain randomization are implemented during training, thereby equipping the UTPR to cope with real-world uncertainties. Simulation experiments demonstrate superior performance of the CSAC-QI method in handling larger initial joint deviations, achieving accurate end-effector positioning, and maintaining balance under dynamic randomization, sensor noise, and external disturbances. Notably, the trained policy is directly deployed on the UTPR prototype, where it successfully maintains balance in real-world conditions.

Dietary plant-derived bioactive compounds for enhancing physiological health are becoming a prevalent strategy for antibiotic alternatives. Our study revealed the effects and underlying mechanism of osthole (OST) and OST-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) compound in Litopenaeus vannamei based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and a 42-d feeding trial verification. The results illustrated that OST and OST-TMP compound significantly improved the survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, strengthening the growth performance of L. vannamei. Meanwhile, combining the predictive results from network pharmacology and molecular docking, we propose that OST and TMP synergistically enhance the antioxidant defence capacity of shrimp through the synergistic Nrf2 signalling pathway, thereby enhancing the expression of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, OST-TMP exhibited a significant increase of the immune response in haemocyte and intestine of shrimp, increasing the expression of antimicrobial peptide and lysozyme and suppressing the inflammatory factors, via the synergistic (NF-κB) and complementary targets predicted by network pharmacology. Additionally, gut microbiota composition of L. vannamei was improved, and the dominant genera were correlated with intestinal immune in the compound groups. For the first time, we elucidated the mechanism of plant-derived bioactive compounds mediating physiological health in aquatic animals via a new strategy of network pharmacology-molecular docking-experimental verification and identified the optimal addition amount of OST-TMP in shrimp (150 mg/kg TMP + 20 mg/kg OST), providing a technical safeguard for the animal health and the safety of aquatic products.

Multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) is a versatile technique that enables arbitrary manipulation of optical fields, and is numerically investigated as a novel avenue for coherent beam combining (CBC) applications. The optical parameters have been investigated to guide the MPLC design, indicating that the number of phase planes and plane spacing serve as pivotal factors. The channel scalability is simulated, revealing that the plane spacing should be increased in a larger array to maintain high performance under a few-plane limit. CBC of up to 1027 lasers has been numerically demonstrated with near-diffraction-limited beam quality (M2 of 1.16 and combining efficiency close to 100%) with only seven phase plates. Beam steering is investigated, revealing that steering capability is related to both the number of multiplexed modes in MPLC and their mode fidelities, and the main-lobe power ratio of 87.1% at one divergence angle is achieved in a 10-mode MPLC with five phase plates.

Network ties are crucial sources of organizational learning. Different types of networks, however, embody different types of resources and may relate to exploitative and exploratory learning differently. Drawing on social network theory and organizational learning, we differentiate overseas business and overseas ethnic ties of exporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and examine their relationship with exploitative and exploratory learning, respectively. Our results based on survey data of exporting SMEs in China find that overseas business ties are positively related to exploitative learning, whereas overseas ethnic ties are positively related to exploratory learning. Furthermore, slack resources strengthen the positive relationship between overseas ethnic ties and exploratory learning. Our study provides new theoretical and managerial insights for the utilization of business and ethnic ties to achieve exploratory and exploitative learning, particularly in the context of exporting SMEs.