For more than a decade, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) has been training a new workforce of psychological therapists. Despite evidence of stress and burnout both in trainee mental health professionals, and qualified IAPT clinicians, little is known about these topics in IAPT trainees. Consequently, this systematic review sought to establish the current state of the literature regarding stress and burnout in IAPT trainees. Electronic databases were searched to identify all published and available unpublished work relating to the topic. On the basis of pre-established eligibility criteria, eight studies (including six unpublished doctoral theses) were identified and assessed for quality. This review identifies that research into the experience of IAPT trainees is under-developed. Existing evidence tentatively suggests that IAPT trainees may experience levels of stress and burnout that are higher than their qualified peers and among the higher end of healthcare professionals more generally. The experience of fulfilling dual roles as mental health professionals and university students concurrently appears to be a significant source of stress for IAPT trainees. More research regarding the levels and sources of stress and burnout in IAPT trainees is urgently needed to confirm and extend these findings. Recommendations for future research in the area are given.

Morning coffee is a common remedy following disrupted sleep, yet each factor can independently impair glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. Remarkably, the combined effects of sleep fragmentation and coffee on glucose control upon waking per se have never been investigated. In a randomised crossover design, twenty-nine adults (mean age: 21 (sd 1) years, BMI: 24·4 (sd 3·3) kg/m2) underwent three oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). One following a habitual night of sleep (Control; in bed, lights-off trying to sleep approximately 23.00–07.00 hours), the others following a night of sleep fragmentation (as Control but waking hourly for 5 min), with and without morning coffee approximately 1 h after waking (approximately 300 mg caffeine as black coffee 30 min prior to OGTT). Individualised peak plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were unaffected by sleep quality but were higher following coffee consumption (mean (normalised CI) for Control, Fragmented and Fragmented + Coffee, respectively; glucose: 8·20 (normalised CI 7·93, 8·47) mmol/l v. 8·23 (normalised CI 7·96, 8·50) mmol/l v. 8·96 (normalised CI 8·70, 9·22) mmol/l; insulin: 265 (normalised CI 247, 283) pmol/l; and 235 (normalised CI 218, 253) pmol/l; and 310 (normalised CI 284, 337) pmol/l). Likewise, incremental AUC for plasma glucose was higher in the Fragmented + Coffee trial compared with Fragmented. Whilst sleep fragmentation did not alter glycaemic or insulinaemic responses to morning glucose ingestion, if a strong caffeinated coffee is consumed, then a reduction in glucose tolerance can be expected.

Our ALMA observations of HCO+ and HCN show such redshifted absorption toward an isolated core, BHR 71. Both lines show a similar redshifted absorption profile. We also found emissions of complex organic molecules (COMs) around 345 GHz from a compact region centered on the continuum source, which is barely resolved with a beam of 0″27, corresponding to ∼50 AU.

The current study examined within- and cross-language connectivity in four priming conditions: repetition, translation, within-language semantic and cross-language semantic priming. Unbalanced Hebrew–English bilinguals (N = 89) completed a lexical decision task in one of the four conditions in both languages. Priming effects were significantly larger from L1 to L2 for translation priming and marginally so for cross-language semantic priming. Priming effects were comparable for L1 and L2 in repetition and within-language semantic priming. These results support the notion that L1 words are more effective primes but also that L2 targets benefit more from priming. This pattern of results suggests that the lower frequency of use of L2 lexical items in unbalanced bilinguals contributes to asymmetrical cross-language priming via lower resting-level activation of targets and not only via less efficient lexical activation of primes, as highlighted by the BIA+ model.

A low-volume (21.5 L/ha) spinning disc (controlled droplet applicator) and a high-volume (187 L/ha) boom-nozzle applicator were compared in applying tank mixtures of the weed pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.] aeschynomene (henceforth designated C.G.A.) and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} for control of northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P. # AESVI] and hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill # SEBEX] in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Tracy M’]. Application with a spinning disc did not increase control of either weed species over the boom-nozzle applicator. C.G.A. controlled northern jointvetch in 2 of 3 yr. Northern jointvetch control with the spinning-disc was poorer at lower rates in years of unfavorable environment. Acifluorfen at 0.56 kg ai/ha and applied with either applicator controlled hemp sesbania satisfactorily.

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of selected adjuvants on glyphosate efficacy on yellow nutsedge and tuber production. Glyphosate was applied at 0, 0.25, 0.43, 0.87, 1.26 (1× rate), and 1.74 kg ae ha−1 at 31 d after yellow nutsedge was planted. Each rate was mixed with one of the following adjuvants: ammonium sulfate (AMS), AMS plus nonionic surfactant (NIS), or AMS plus an experimental adjuvant (W-7995) plus NIS. Plants were evaluated for injury and for the number and size of tubers produced. Dose–response curves based on log-logistic models were used to determine the effective glyphosate rate plus adjuvant that provided both 90% effective dose (ED90) for yellow nutsedge injury and reduced tuber production. Addition of NIS to glyphosate plus AMS resulted in the greatest yellow nutsedge injury at 28 d after treatment (DAT). Addition of the experimental adjuvant plus NIS resulted in injury similar to NIS alone. The ED90 for injury at 28 DAT was 2.12 kg ha−1 with glyphosate plus AMS and NIS compared with 2.18 kg ha−1 for W-7995 plus NIS and 3.06 kg ha−1 with AMS alone. The ED90 rates with different adjuvants represent 168%, 173%, and 243% of the highest glyphosate rate (1.26 kg ha−1) labeled for application on many glyphosate-resistant crops. However, the estimated ED90 to reduce small, medium, large, and total tubers were 1.60, 1.50, 1.63, and 1.66 kg ha−1, respectively. Increases in labeled rates of glyphosate may be required to reduce yellow nutsedge tuber production in field conditions. Use of lower glyphosate rates should be discouraged because it may increase tuber production and exacerbate yellow nutsedge expansion in infested fields.