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48 results

Page 1 of 3

  • Queen Victoria, M. M. Bhownaggree, and the “Gujaratee-Speaking Community of India”

  • John Mcleod
  • Journal:
    Victorian Literature and Culture / Volume 52 / Issue 1 / Spring 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2024, pp. 128-147

  • This essay examines an 1877 Gujarati translation of Queen Victoria's Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands. It was the work of M. M. Bhownaggree, later a British MP. The essay explores the circumstances under which Bhownaggree undertook the translation, its content, and its intended audience. It closes with some observations on the book's place in the history of Indian royalism, the place of Indian royalism in the development of modern Gujarati literature, and the interplay of the Gujarati identity that was emerging in the latter part of the nineteenth century with both royalism and Indian nationalism.

  • The Effect of Sustained Poor Air Quality on EMS Call Volume and Characteristics: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study

  • Alec McLeod, Colin Murphy, Garrett Hagwood, John S. Rose
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / February 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 December 2022, pp. 17-22
    Print publication:
    February 2023
    • Article
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  • Objectives:

    As wildfires and air pollution become more common across the United States, it is increasingly important to understand the burden they place on public health. Previous studies have noted relationships between air quality and use of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), but until now, these studies have focused on day-to-day air quality. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of sustained periods of poor air quality on EMS call characteristics and volume.

    Methods:

    Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, the effect of exposure to periods of poor air quality on number and type of EMS calls in California, USA from 2014-2019 was observed. Poor air quality periods greater than three days were identified at the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Air Quality Index (AQI) levels of Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (AQI 100) and Unhealthy (AQI 150). Periods less than three days apart were combined. Each poor air quality period was matched with two one-week controls, the first being the closest preceding week that did not intersect a different case. The second control was the closest week at least three days after the case and not intersecting with a different case. Due to seasonal variation in EMS usage, from the initial cases, cases were used only if it was possible to identify controls within 28 days of the case. A conditional Poisson regression calculated risk ratios for EMS call volume.

    Results:

    Comparing the case periods to the controls, significant increases were found at AQI >100 for total number of calls, and the primary impressions categories of emotional state or behavior, level of consciousness, no patient complaint, other, respiratory, and abdominal. At an AQI >150, significance was found for the primary impressions categories of other, pain, respiratory, and digestive.

    Conclusion:

    These data demonstrate increased EMS calls during sustained poor air quality, and that several EMS primary impression categories are disproportionately affected. This study is limited by the imprecision of the primary impression’s classification provided by the EMS clinician responding to the EMS call. More research is needed to understand the effects of periods of poor air quality on the EMS system for more efficient deployment of resources.

  • 27 - Reinventing the Nation

  • from (I) - Looking Back, Looking Forward
  • Edited by Susheila Nasta, Queen Mary University of London, Mark U. Stein, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Black and Asian British Writing
    Published online:
    19 December 2019
    Print publication:
    16 January 2020, pp 453-467

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the reinvention of the nation in black and Asian British writing since the late twentieth century. It situates this task in relation to two contrary influences that continue to influence the imagining of Britain at large: the comprehension of Britain as a multiracial country with a long history of migration and diversity, and those atavistic, illiberal, racially exclusive conceptions of the nation, also longstanding, which found their apotheosis in the ‘Brexit’ referendum result of 2016. It proceeds by considering how writers in the 1990s challenged Britain’s wilful ignorance of its dark imperial history by writing about the nation’s slaving past and its historical and cultural legacies. It considers, next, how writers at the beginning of the new millennium turned to Europe as a way of embedding a consciousness of postcolonial Britain’s in a strategically continental frame, not least to challenge Britain’s false sense of its splendid isolation from Europe. It closes by assessing how several writers portray the precarious condition of contemporary Britain as a neoliberal concern, but without fully giving up hope on the demotic, progressive potential of the idea of the nation as an instrument of inclusivity and democracy.

  • Prospects for New England Agriculture: Farm to Fork

  • Samantha Werner, Scott R. Lemos, Jr., Amanda McLeod, John M. Halstead, Todd Gabe, Ju-Chin Huang, Chyi Lyi Liang, Wei Shi, Lily Harris, James McConnon
  • Journal:
    Agricultural and Resource Economics Review / Volume 48 / Issue 3 / December 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 December 2019, pp. 473-504
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  • This paper summarizes a multi-state, multi-year study assessing the potential for local agriculture in northern New England. While largely rural, this region's agricultural sector differs greatly from the rest of the United States, and demand for locally produced food has been increasing. To assess this unique economic landscape, researchers and Cooperative Extension at the Universities of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont investigated four key areas: (1) local food capacities, (2) constraints to agricultural expansion, (3) consumer preferences for local and organic produce, and (4) the role of intermediaries as alternative local food outlets. The project included input from local farmers, Extension members, restaurants, and the general public. We present the four research areas in a sequential, overlapping fashion. The timing of our research was such that each step in the process informed the next and can be used as a template for assessing a region's potential for local agricultural production.

  • Perspectives of patients, carers and mental health staff on early warning signs of relapse in psychosis: a qualitative investigation

  • Stephanie Allan, Simon Bradstreet, Hamish J. McLeod, John Gleeson, John Farhall, Maria Lambrou, Andrea Clark, Andrew I. Gumley,
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / January 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 December 2019, e3
    • Article
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  • Background

    Relapse prevention strategies based on monitoring of early warning signs (EWS) are advocated for the management of psychosis. However, there has been a lack of research exploring how staff, carers and patients make sense of the utility of EWS, or how these are implemented in context.

    Aims

    To develop a multiperspective theory of how EWS are understood and used, which is grounded in the experiences of mental health staff, carers and patients.

    Method

    Twenty-five focus groups were held across Glasgow and Melbourne (EMPOWER Trial, ISRCTN: 99559262). Participants comprised 88 mental health staff, 21 patients and 40 carers from UK and Australia (total n = 149). Data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory.

    Results

    All participants appeared to recognise EWS and acknowledged the importance of responding to EWS to support relapse prevention. However, recognition of and acting on EWS were constructed in a context of uncertainty, which appeared linked to risk appraisals that were dependent on distinct stakeholder roles and experiences. Within current relapse management, a process of weighted decision-making (where one factor was seen as more important than others) described how stakeholders weighed up the risks and consequences of relapse alongside the risks and consequences of intervention and help-seeking.

    Conclusions

    Mental health staff, carers and patients speak about using EWS within a weighted decision-making process, which is acted out in the context of relationships that exist in current relapse management, rather than an objective response to specific signs and symptoms.

  • Figuring and Transfiguring: a response to Bryan Cheyette

  • John McLeod
  • Journal:
    Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / January 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2018, pp. 90-97

  • This response to Bryan Cheyette’s essay “Against Supersessionist Thinking: Old and New, Jews and Postcolonialism, the Ghetto and Diaspora” favorably considers its critique of the problems of foundational and supersessionist thinking in postcolonial enquiry. It supports Cheyette’s claim that postcolonial critique needs better to accommodate the particulars of the Jewish diaspora into its field of vision. It notes how the tendency in some postcolonial critique to approach ideas of nations and diasporas as discrete counterpointed paradigms does not readily capture their complexity and entanglements, and may also contribute unwittingly to the elision of the Jewish diasporic contexts that are not easily mapped within this disciplinary dispensation. Instead, this response advocates a transpositional and productively mobile approach to thinking transfiguratively across and beyond received paradigms to help shape a postcolonial critical sensibility within which matters of Jewish diasporicity might resound more progressively.

  • 12 - ‘Adoption Aesthetics’

  • from PART IV - NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL, TRANSGLOBAL
    • By John McLeod, Professor of Postcolonial and Diaspora Literatures at the School of English, the University of Leeds
  • Edited by Deirdre Osborne, Goldsmiths, University of London
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to British Black and Asian Literature (1945–2010)
    Published online:
    05 September 2016
    Print publication:
    14 October 2016, pp 211-224

  • Summary

    In 1965, the International Social Service of Great Britain collaborated with the Sociology Department of Bedford College, University of London, to set up the British Adoption Project. The Project's aim was to offer particular support in securing adoption placements for fifty-three children described as ‘born in Britain of Asian, African, West Indian or mixed racial parentage’. The necessity of the Project emerged from a perceived anomaly in adoption practices more widely in post-war Britain: namely, that while such children constituted a minority of infants in care and awaiting adoption, a disproportionate number of ‘coloured’ children, to use the problematic racialising terminology at the time, struggled to be placed in adoptive families. Although official records were rarely kept, Diana Kareh noted in 1970 that:

    for every coloured child accepted and placed by a society, at least one other fails to attract adoptive parents. The figures for 1966…show that 445 non-white children were legally adopted throughout the United Kingdom. At the same time a total of 856 children were known by agencies and statutory societies to be in need of adopters.

    The incidence of such children in the care system was due to a number of factors. The biggest constituency were mixed-race, placed in care usually by white birth-mothers struggling to cope with the social stigma attached to conceiving a child both illegitimately and with a black partner. Few such women were able to contend with the formidable economic difficulties involved in raising a child as a lone parent remote from the support of partners or family. In such dire social straits, surrendering children seemed the best way of providing a more secure future for them. Other black and mixed-race children were placed in care or with foster-families by parents seeking to cope on modest incomes, but who sought to maintain contact when they could, and hoped one day to bring them back into a family environment – a phenomenon recorded in Isha McKenzie-Mavinga and Thelma Perkins's memoir, In Search of Mr McKenzie: Two Sisters’ Quest for an Unknown Father (1991). Birth-parents who surrendered black and mixed-race children into care were often hard-up migrants, poor working-class couples, or single women, often white, with meagre, if any, means of support.

  • 5 - Pregnancy, paternity and parenting in rural communities

  • Karen Francis, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Ysanne Chapman, Central Queensland University, Carmel Davies, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales
  • Book:
    Rural Nursing
    Published online:
    06 August 2018
    Print publication:
    22 August 2014, pp 65-85

  • Summary

    Learning objectives

    On completion of this chapter, the reader will be able to:

  • identify the unique needs of rural families in accessing health care

  • describe normal pregnancy care and recognise the importance of involving fathers in pregnancy and parenting

  • discuss child and family health, including immunisation targets

  • recognise vulnerable groups and specific care needs

  • identify the needs of children exposed to life-limiting illnesses.

    • Key words

  • Pregnancy care, paternal role, immunisation, life-limiting illness, vulnerable groups

    • Chapter overview

    This chapter provides a snapshot of rural health care from the perspective of young families. It captures pregnancy care models, involvement of fathers in birthing and caring roles, the promotion of health and wellbeing in children, identification of vulnerable groups, and the support of children with life-limiting illnesses.

    Introduction

    Healthcare access and equity continue to be significant issues for rural Australians, particularly for women and their young families. The centralisation of services to regional, urban and metropolitan areas has led to enforced travel to access health care or, alternatively, reliance on intermittent outreach services to outlying communities. Thus, the health and wellbeing of this rural cohort require special consideration to ensure optimum health outcomes. Health service and professional regulatory authority reforms highlighted in previous chapters pose issues for rural nurses who are also midwives and for those who hold midwifery-only qualifications; these are further discussed in this chapter.

    Pregnancy

    In 2009, the Chief Nurse and Midwifery Officer, Rosemary Bryant, led a review of maternity services on behalf of the Federal Government. Subsequently, Improving Maternity Services in Australia: The Report of the Maternity Services Review was released following extensive consultation (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). All contributors acknowledged that ‘safe, high-quality and accessible cared based on informed choice must be the goal’ (p. iii), with these factors being central to future policy development and implementation.

  • Daring to tell: the importance of telling others about a diagnosis of dementia

  • DOT WEAKS, HEATHER WILKINSON, JOHN McLEOD
  • Journal:
    Ageing & Society / Volume 35 / Issue 4 / April 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 February 2014, pp. 765-784
    Print publication:
    April 2015

  • Learning to live with a diagnosis of dementia is a complex process. Being able to talk about the diagnosis to others represents a major challenge for some people with dementia. This study explores the experiences of people with dementia, and members of their families, around the task of informing others during the six months immediately following their diagnosis of dementia. Five people with dementia living in the community, and their immediate family members, were recruited into an ethnographic study. Data were collected through recorded interviews and participant observation, and were analysed through a grounded theory method within a continuing iterative process. Findings suggest that participants recognised the need to tell others about their diagnosis but these conversations were difficult to initiate and manage, and hindered the processing of emotions. Findings are discussed in relation to implications for practice.

  • 18 - Postcolonial writing in Britain

  • Edited by Ato Quayson, University of Toronto
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Postcolonial Literature
    Published online:
    28 January 2012
    Print publication:
    12 January 2012, pp 571-603

  • Summary

    In March 1956, the popular writer Colin MacInnes published an essay in the journal Twentieth Century titled ‘A short guide for Jumbles’. The essay was in the form of an imaginary dialogue between a white British citizen – the ‘Jumble’ of the title, a corruption of ‘John Bull’ – and MacInnes, who proceeded to explain and advocate for the presence of postwar Britain’s new African, Caribbean and South Asian populations. In answering questions such as ‘why do they come here?’ and ‘is there a colour bar in England?’ MacInnes involves himself in two tasks simultaneously: providing the Jumble with an impression of how Britain’s latest migrants see host peoples, and offering a sympathetic if combative account of the fortunes of the migrants that is ultimately intended to challenge racist and prejudicial views. Standing between native and newcomer, acting as a way of opening an enlightening envisioning of one to the other, MacInnes occupies an unsteady but illuminating vantage point. Born in London in 1914, he was raised in Australia and only returned to the county of his birth in 1931, settling in London after World War II. Neither native Londoner nor New Commonwealth migrant, MacInnes considered himself ‘partly a foreigner’ when he returned to London as a young man and described himself as a perpetual ‘inside-outsider’ due to his Australian upbringing. Thus, he was both within but to one side of the Britain about which he wrote in his journalism and fiction, and in contrast to those who felt that the nation was threatened by immigration (both at the time and since) he prized keenly Britain’s new migratory multicultural admixture.

  • 13 - Writing London in the twenty-first century

  • Lawrence Manley, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of London
    Published online:
    28 September 2011
    Print publication:
    18 August 2011, pp 241-260

  • Summary

    On the evening of Wednesday 6 July 2005, when London was celebrating the news announced that day that the city had won the bid for the 2012 Olympic Games, a fledgling novelist, Chris Cleave, attended the launch party of his first novel, Incendiary, which was to be published the following morning. His book was resolutely concerned with life in London in the shadow of the atrocities of 9/11, the US-led invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan, the bombings of trains in Madrid on 11 March 2004, and the infamous events at Abu Ghraib prison. As Cleave subsequently explained, 'The airwaves were filled with body counts and brutish ideologies, and I needed to write something to remind myself of the simple human cost of this folly. And I think I wanted my son, when he was older, to understand something of the febrile nature of the times he was born into.' In the novel, Cleave depicted London struggling to cope in the wake of a genocidal terrorist attack on a Premier League soccer match attended by thousands of fans between two major clubs, Arsenal and Chelsea, at which the unnamed narrator loses her husband and son amidst the carnage. Penned as an extended letter from the narrator to Osama Bin Laden, Cleave's ambitious and often remarkable debut novel explored the imagined social and psychological consequences of a city lost to terror. Incendiary was toasted long into the night of 6 July.

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