Health disparities between Appalachia and the rest of the country are widening. To address this, the Appalachian Translational Research Network (ATRN) organizes an annual ATRN Health Summit. The most recent Summit was held online September 22–23, 2020, and hosted by Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute in partnership with the Northwest Area Health Education Center. The Summit, titled “Community-Engaged Research in Translational Science: Innovations to Improve Health in Appalachia,” brought together a diverse group of 141 stakeholders from communities, academic institutions, and the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) to highlight current research, identify innovative approaches to translational science and community-engaged research, develop cross-regional research partnerships, and establish and disseminate priorities for future Appalachian-focused research. The Summit included three plenary presentations and 39 presentations within 12 concurrent breakout sessions. Here, we describe the Summit planning process and implementation, highlight some of the research presented, and outline nine emergent themes to guide future Appalachian-focused research.

This research project seeks to contribute to the literature on management by presenting and testing a model of leadership linking leadership styles directly to culture type and indirectly to firm effectiveness. The authors selected a four-factor theory of leadership and examined how it directly impacted organizational culture, and indirectly impacted organizational effectiveness (via an organization's culture). Using surveys designed to measure attitudinal and behavioral indicators of organizational culture, leadership, and effectiveness, we collected data from 2,662 individuals in 311 organizations. The results generally support the hypotheses that organizational effectiveness is related to type of culture and that cultural norms are related to type of leadership styles. The results have implications for management and organizational development practices and processes. The results indicate that the leadership skills of managers and supervisors are critical factors in the creation and reinforcement of cultural norms. Furthermore, cultural norms seem to positively impact organizational effectiveness.

A total of 207 wild mice trapped at different localities in southern Germany were tested for the presence of antigenic determinants controlled by class I genes (K and D) of the H-2 complex. The test was based on the complement-dependent killing of lymphocytes in the micro-cytotoxicity assay. Both private (allele-specific) and public (shared) determinants were tested using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The results of the H-2 typing were in agreement with karyological typing which divided the sampled mice into 5 populations. Each population was characterized by a certain antigenic profile (occurrence of individual determinants at certain frequencies); the profiles of the individual populations were sufficiently unique to differentiate these populations but at the same time sufficiently similar to indicate common origin of the populations. The karyological typing of the same mice reveals that all 5 populations share 1 pair of metacentric chromosomes, Rb(4.12)1Tu, but that, in addition, each population has at least one metacentric chromosome differentiating it from other populations. We interpret these findings as evidence that all wild mice in southern Germany stem from a common stock in which the Rb(4.12)1Tu translocation became fixed and which subsequently differentiated into the individual populations. This differentiation is accompanied by the fixation of new Robertsonian translocations (different ones in different populations) and the acquisition of characteristic H-2 antigenic profiles.

Recently developed methods of fabricating layers of long-chain molecules with functional tailgroups have provided new possibilities in the design and modification of surface properties.fi] An ui.derstanding of the relationship between the detailed molecu.'.ar structure and macroscopic properties, such as wetting and adhesion, is needed to facilitate the design of surface characteristics for specific applications such as coatings, adhesives, optical devices and substrates for binding biomolecules. [1, 2]

A first-principles local-density based algorithm which employs optimized Gaussian-type orbitals is used to carry out calculations on a large variety of lithium clusters consisting of one to twenty-seven atoms. Bulk moduli, bond lengths and cohesive energies for the isolated clusters are presented and the results are extrapolated so as to predict the bulk (BCC) cohesive energy as well. Vacancy formation energies and vacancy induced lattice relaxation are also presented for three BCC fragments and compared to the bulk experimental results. For our largest cluster, we obtain a vacancy formation energy of 0.36 eV which is in good agreement with the experimental result of 0.34 eV.

We have performed electronic structure studies on two neutral oxygen vacancies in crystalline silicon dioxide. The idealized beta-crystobalite structure has been used as a model for the host perfect crystal. The calculations have been carried out by representing the host-defect system as a large cluster of atoms which is properly. embedded into the host crystal, with a Gaussian orbital basis used to describe the electronic states of the host and defect systems. The local density approximation with and without the self-interaction correction has been used in these calculations.