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Persistent disparities in child health highlight the need for clinical and public health research approaches to identify and address risks with greater spatial precision. This study linked residence-and neighborhood-specific socio-environmental data to population-wide healthcare data to characterize pediatric hospitalization risk for every residential address in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Methods:
We linked hospitalization data (07/01/2016–06/30/2022) to parcel-level housing data from the Hamilton County Auditor and Cincinnati Department of Buildings & Inspections and street-range crime data from the Cincinnati Police Department. Addresses were localized to 2010 census tracts to join variables from the US Census American Community Survey and Eviction Lab. Generalized random forest models estimated address-level hospitalization risk and birth-adjusted hospitalization risk, accounting for child residency using vital birth records. Model performance was assessed based on varying diagnostic thresholds; fairness was evaluated by census block-level racial demographics.
Results:
We matched 81.5% of hospitalizations to residential addresses. Among 77,077 addresses, 7.4% had ≥1 hospitalization. Our model performed well (ROC-AUC: 0.98–0.99; PR-AUC: 0.65–0.72) in characterizing high-risk addresses, with housing violations, violent crime, and market total value among top features. The birth-adjusted model also showed high performance (ROC-AUC: 0.92–0.93; PR-AUC: 0.65–0.78) and moderate agreement with the hospitalization risk model (κ = 0.43).
Conclusions:
Our results highlight the potential of address-level modeling and multiscale data integration to build on traditional area-level analyses and advance precision population health. Future directions include geographic expansion, stakeholder engagement, and patient-level validation. This work offers a scalable approach to precisely identifying pediatric health risks, supporting targeted clinical and policy interventions.
This book provides a concise and up-to-date guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), from the history and supporting theory, through to the most recent empirical evidence and practical aspects of delivery. Starting with an overview of the structure of CBT, practitioners can utilise this detailed guide to deliver therapy in clinical practice, whilst its coverage of various adaptations of CBT, such as group therapy and working with older adults, allow therapy to be tailored to different settings with different timeframes attached. Covering all the major CBT protocols necessary to work with a wide range of common mental health conditions. A comprehensive resource for a wide range of practitioners providing practical approaches, goals, and strategies to manage mental health problems using CBT. Part of the Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies series, offering all the latest scientifically rigorous, and practical information on a range of key, evidence-based psychological interventions for clinicians.
The chapter will help you to be able to explain what BDD is and how it typically presents, including a preoccupation with either imagined or minor physical flaws, and the resultant safety behaviours to manage the feared impact of others perceiving this flaw, describe and use Veale & Neziroglu’s CBT protocol for BDD, explain the importance of using mirror retraining in treatment, develop a treatment plan for CBT for BDD, using appropriate measures, and take account of comorbidity in managing CBT for BDD, including that of depression, social anxiety and OCD.
The chapter will help you to be able to explain what OCD is and how it typically presents, describe and use evidence-based CBT protocols for OCD, choose and use appropriate formulation models for CBT for OCD, describe the importance of using Exposure and Response Prevention and/or Behavioural Experiments in any treatment plan, develop a treatment plan for CBT for OCD, using appropriate measures, and take account of comorbidity in managing CBT for OCD
The chapter will help you to be able to describe the evolution of disorder specific CBT protocols, explain the value of using a disorder specific protocol over a generic CBT approach, consider the relative efficacy of CBT in different populations, and so choose whether CBT is appropriate for your patient, and if so, which adaptation of CBT would be most helpful
This chapter acts as a clear guide to your theoretical understanding of CBT to enhance your knowledge across protocols, clinical populations and clinical presentations.
You will gain a working knowledge of the theoretical basis of Beck’s model CBT and how theories and models remain important for advancing clinical practice.
You will be able to more effectively apply CBT across protocols as you will have a better elaborated account of how this therapy has integrated elements across conditions and client presentations.
You will become knowledgeable about the theoretical mechanism of change in CBT
You will become more skilled in using theoretical principles of CBT to stay true to execution of treatment protocols.
The chapter will help you to be able to describe the development of Cognitive, Behavioural, and Integrative approaches to Couple’s Therapy, apply a range of dyadic formulation processes to couples, and apply the key interventions in couple’s therapy, including empathic joining, unified detachment and dyadic behavioural change processes
Access essential information to add to your existing clinical knowledge and skills so as to more effectively work with older people using CBT.Work collaboratively with older people using CBT, planning treatment interventions unencumbered by stereotypical beliefs about ageing and older people and expect symptom reduction consistent with standard treatment protocols.Apply ideas from theories of the science of ageing (gerontology), such as wisdom and emotional development, in order to help your client make use of lifeskills when helping themselves overcome common mental health problems.Use and apply new techniques associated with a developmentally appropriate frame of reference when working with older people.
The chapter will help you to be able to describe the development of remote delivery CBT, both by phone, videoconferencing, and text-based systems, explain the costs and benefits of the various remote formats to both the provider and client, and help your clients choose the most appropriate format for their therapy
The chapter will help you to be able to define Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, explain the key processes within CBT, describe the key features of good CBT as described in therapy rating scales such as the CTSr and CTRS, and consider how to best incorporate the key components of CBT in terms of structure, style and content
The chapter will help you to be able to explain the structure of CBT as a whole, including the purpose of each stage of therapy, effectively structure a treatment session of CBT, so as to ensure the best possible experience for patients, and develop a strong therapeutic alliance with this process, based on active collaboration and genuine empathy, warmth and unconditional positive regard
The chapter will help you to be able to describe the development of Group CBT, explain the costs and benefits of group CBT to both the provider and client and apply best practice when running CBT groups
The chapter will help you to be able to explain what Illness Anxiety Disorder is and how it typically presents, including preoccupation with a serious illness and the resultant changes in attentional focus and safety behaviours, describe and use Salkovskis, Warwick and Deale’s CBT protocol for Illness Anxiety Disorder, develop a treatment plan for CBT for Illness Anxiety Disorder, using appropriate measures and take account of comorbidity in managing CBT for Illness Anxiety Disorder, including depression and panic disorder
The chapter will help you to be able to describe the different techniques available in CBT, consider the purpose of any given technique in relation to the maintenance cycles it interrupts, and tailor interventions to individual patients, considering their unique strengths and needs.