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At the formation of the second Polish republic in 1918 the Communist Workers Party of Poland (KPRP) displayed total disregard for the Polish national feelings. Polish communists actively opposed the creation of the new Polish state which they thought would impede the march of revolution from Russia to the West. They saw Polish national liberation as an expression of a bourgeois ideology hostile to the interests of the Polish workers. True national liberation, they maintained, could only be achieved by the way of the international proletarian revolution.
The Communist system has forced the Russian people into a state of sulking introspection which seeks outlets in xenophobia, petulant demonstrations of national superiority—or, at the opposite end, maudlin admissions of national inferiority.
A long time ago, the religious thinker Chaadaev published a "Philosophical Letter," which is still regarded as a slander on Russia which he dated from "The Necropolis," i.e. Moscow. Anyone looking at Brezhnev's Russia must feel with horror what a prophetic term it was
Boris Shragin, 1977
Stalin's death and Nikita Krushchev's unsuccessful attempt at de-Stalinization significantly eroded official Marxist-Leninist ideology in the Soviet Union. Searching for a new alternative to the fading Communist ideology, many Russians turned toward traditional Russian forms of national and religious identity.