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924 results

Page 1 of 47

  • Out of order: specification check sequencing in Cox models

  • Benjamin T. Jones, Shawna K. Metzger
  • Journal:
    Political Science Research and Methods , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 March 2025, pp. 1-17
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  • The Cox duration model serves as the basis for more complex duration models like competing risks, repeated events, and multistate models. These models make a number of assumptions, many of which can be assessed empirically, sometimes for substantive ends. We use Monte Carlo simulations to show the order in which practitioners assess these assumptions can impact the model’s final specification, and ultimately, can produce misleading inferences. We focus on three assumptions regarding model specification decisions: proportional hazards (PH), stratified baseline hazards, and stratum-specific covariate effects. Our results suggest checking the PH assumption before checking for stratum-specific covariate effects tends to produce the correct final specification most frequently. We reexamine a recent study of the timing of GATT/WTO applications to illustrate our points.

  • Identifying monetary policy shocks with Divisia money in the United Kingdom

  • Jane M. Binner, Rakesh K. Bissoondeeal, Barry E. Jones, Victor J. Valcarcel
  • Journal:
    Macroeconomic Dynamics / Volume 29 / 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 March 2025, e86
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  • We construct a Divisia money measure for U.K. households and private non-financial corporations and a corresponding dual user cost index employing a consistent methodology from 1977 up to the present. Our joint construction of both the Divisia quantity index and the Divisia price dual facilitates an investigation of structural vector autoregresssion models (SVARs) over a long sample period of the type of non-recursive identifications explored by Belongia and Ireland (2016, 2018), as well as the block triangular specification advanced by Keating et al. (2019). An examination of the U.K. economy reveals that structures that consider a short-term interest rate to be the monetary policy indicator generate unremitting price puzzles. In contrast, we find sensible economic responses in various specifications that treat our Divisia measure as the indicator variable.

  • Infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis reveals up- and down-regulation of the protein profile in the mucus of infected slugs

  • Joana Borges Osório, Giovanni Gosch Berton, Leandro Mattos Pereira, Jeremy Potriquet, Renata Russo F. Cândido, Jason Mulvenna, Malcolm K. Jones, Carlos Graeff-Teixeira, Alessandra Loureiro Morassutti
  • Journal:
    Parasitology , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 March 2025, pp. 1-4
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  • Host–parasite adaptation is crucial for evolutionary success of a parasite. The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis has a heterogenic life cycle involving molluscs as intermediate hosts and rats as definitive hosts. Several mollusc species are susceptible hosts of A. cantonensis, allowing the development of first-stage larvae (L1) into third-stage larvae (L3). Changes in the metabolism of infected molluscs have been demonstrated, disturbing regular routes and inducing host defence mechanisms. This study aimed to identify changes in the proteomic content of Phyllocaulis spp. mucus during A. cantonensis infection. Proteins were extracted from the mucus samples of infected and non-infected slugs and identified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We found 26 up-regulated and 15 down-regulated proteins in infected slugs compared to non-infected slugs. Protein profiles are promising markers of parasite infection, and a better understanding of proteomic profiles during infection may help inform in vivo studies and promote new tools for the non-invasive identification of infected hosts.

  • Development of a job satisfaction measure for clinical research professionals: A mixed methods approach

  • Jacqueline M. Knapke, John Kues, Spencer K. Harris, Denise C. Snyder, Stephanie A. Freel, Harini Pallerla, Jessica Fritter, Angela Mendell, Carolynn T. Jones
  • Journal:
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 9 / Issue 1 / 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 March 2025, e55
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  • Background:

    Clinical research professionals (CRPs) are essential members of research teams serving in multiple job roles. However, recent turnover rates have reached crisis proportions, negatively impacting clinical trial metrics. Gaining an understanding of job satisfaction factors among CRPs working at academic medical centers (AMCs) can provide insights into retention efforts.

    Materials/Methods:

    A survey instrument was developed to measure key factors related to CRP job satisfaction and retention. The survey included 47 rating items in addition to demographic questions. An open-text question solicited respondents to provide their top three factors for job satisfaction. The survey was distributed through listservs of three large AMCs. Here, we present a factor analysis of the instrument and quantitative and qualitative results of the subsequent survey.

    Results:

    A total of 484 CRPs responded to the survey. A principal components analysis with Varimax rotation was performed on the 47 rating items. The analysis resulted in seven key factors and the survey instrument was reduced to 25 rating items. Self-efficacy and pride in work were top ranked in the quantitative results; work complexity and stress and salary and benefits were top ranked in the qualitative findings. Opportunities for education and professional development were also themes in the qualitative data.

    Discussion:

    This study addresses the need for a tool to measure job satisfaction of CRPs. This tool may be useful for additional validation studies and research to measure the effectiveness of improvement initiatives to address CRP job satisfaction and retention.

  • Amantadine

  • K. Ray Chaudhuri, King's College London, Peter Jenner, King's College London, Valentina Leta, King's College London, Shelley Jones, King's College London, Iro Boura, St. George General Hospital of Chania, Crete, Greece
  • Book:
    The Movement Disorders Prescriber's Guide to Parkinson's Disease
    Published online:
    20 February 2025
    Print publication:
    27 February 2025, pp 2-15

  • Summary

    Amantadine (tricyclo[3.3.1.1]decan-1-amine, 1-adamantanamine, 1-aminoadamantane) is a white or nearly white crystalline, odourless, and bitter-tasting powder, with a molecular weight of 151.25 and an empirical formula of C10H17N. Amantadine is a tricyclic amine with two available preparations, amantadine hydrochloride, which is given orally, and the salt amantadine sulphate, which is administered either orally or IV.

  • Melatonin

  • K. Ray Chaudhuri, King's College London, Peter Jenner, King's College London, Valentina Leta, King's College London, Shelley Jones, King's College London, Iro Boura, St. George General Hospital of Chania, Crete, Greece
  • Book:
    The Movement Disorders Prescriber's Guide to Parkinson's Disease
    Published online:
    20 February 2025
    Print publication:
    27 February 2025, pp 243-253

  • Summary

    Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine or N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide) is a tryptophan-derived hormone and an antioxidant, produced primarily in the pineal gland. Exogenous melatonin is an amphiphilic, white–cream to yellowish crystalline powder, unchanged in the entire pH range. It has a molecular weight of 232.28 and an empirical formula of C13H16N2O2, while its chemical structure resembles serotonin.

Page 1 of 47