V5579 Sgr was a fast nova discovered in 2008 April 18.784 UT. We present the optical spectroscopic observations of the nova observed from the Castanet Tolosan, SMARTS, and CTIO observatories spanning over 2008 April 23 to 2015 May 11. The spectra are dominated by hydrogen Balmer, Fe II, and O I lines with P-Cygni profiles in the early phase, typical of an Fe II class nova. The spectra show He I and He II lines along with forbidden lines from N, Ar, S, and O in the nebular phase. The nova showed a pronounced dust formation episode that began about 20 days after the outburst. The dust temperature and mass were estimated using the WISE data from spectral energy distribution (SED) fits. The PAH-like features are also seen in the nova ejecta in the mid-infrared Gemini spectra taken 522 d after the discovery. Analysis of the light curve indicates values of $t_2$ and $t_3$ about 9 and 13 days, respectively, placing the nova in the category of fast nova. The best-fit cloudy model of the early decline phase JHK spectra obtained on 2008 May 3 and the nebular optical spectrum obtained on 2011 June 2 shows a hot white dwarf source with $T_{BB}$ $\sim$ 2.6 $\times$ 10$^5$ K having a luminosity of 9.8 $\times$ 10$^{36}$ ergs s$^{-1}$. Our abundance analysis shows that the ejecta is significantly enhanced relative to solar, O/H = 32.2, C/H = 15.5, and N/H = 40.0 in the early decline phase and O/H = 5.8, He/H = 1.5, and N/H = 22.0 in the nebular phase.

The interaction of focused high power laser beam with solid targets leads to acceleration of charged particles among other by non-linear effects in the plasma. In this experiment, the hot electrons are characterized from the interaction of sub-nanosecond and kilo-joule class laser pulse with thin metal foil targets (Cu, Ta, Ti, Sn, Pb). The energy distribution functions of electrons were measured by angularly resolved multichannel electron spectrometer. The hot electron temperatures were observed in range from 30 to 80 keV for laser intensities between ${\sim}10^{15}$ and $3 \times 10^{16}\ \mathrm{W\,cm^{-2}}$. The measured energy distribution and electron temperature were compared with published results and known scaling laws at higher laser intensities. For foil targets of different materials, the temperature and flux of hot electrons were scaled with target thickness in the range of 1–100 $\unicode{x03BC}\mathrm{m}$ from low Z to high Z materials where Z is the atomic number. The profile of conversion efficiency from laser energy to hot electrons is discussed in the energy range from 100 to 600 J. For the given laser and target parameters, the nonlinear behaviour of conversion efficiency and relevant physics are also described in detail.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Assess molecular and cellular mechanisms of allograft loss in kidney biopsies using digital spatial profiling and clinical outcomes data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CGD), enrolled in the Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function (DeKAF) study, with or without eventual allograft loss, were included. CGD was defined as a >25% increase in creatinine over 3 months relative to a baseline. Kidney biopsy tissue was assessed by Nanostring GeoMX digital spatial profiling (DSP) after staining with anti-pan-cytokeratin, anti-CD45, anti-CD68, Syto-13, to identify specific cell populations, and Nanostring’s Whole Transcriptome Atlas (WTA), to quantify the distribution of transcripts across the biopsy. Up to 14 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected, with or without glomerulus. CIBERSORT was used to perform cell deconvolution. Clinical and outcomes data were from the DeKAF study and United States Renal Data System. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Macrophage (M1) cell population abundance was significantly different in ROIs with glomerulus between graft loss and no graft loss. Principle component analysis of differentially expressed genes resulted in transcriptomes in ROIs that cluster together by clinical outcome of graft loss or no graft loss. There were 203 DEGs in ROIs with glomerulus that were different by graft loss or no graft loss. By pathway analysis, these 203 DEGS were enriched in the T-cell activation, integrin signaling and inflammation pathways. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: DSP of kidney allograft biopsies allows for the identification and quantification of specific cell types, such as macrophages and molecular transcripts as potential drug targets. This data can be used to understand mechanisms of kidney allograft loss and may lead to improved immune suppression in kidney transplant recipients.

Individuals with mood disorders are predisposed to metabolic dysfunction, while those with metabolic dysregulation such as diabetes and obesity experience more severe depressive symptoms. Both metabolic dysfunction and mood disorders are independently associated with cognitive deficits. Therefore, given their close association, this study aimed to explore the association between metabolic dysfunction in individuals with mood disorders in relation to cognitive outcomes. A comprehensive search comprised of these three domains was carried out; a random-effects meta-analysis pooling mean cognitive outcomes was conducted (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022295765). Sixty-three studies were included in this review; 26 were synthesized in a quantitative meta-analysis. Comorbid metabolic dysregulation was associated with significantly lower global cognition among individuals with mood disorders. These trends were significant within each mood disorder subgroup, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and self-report depression/depressive symptoms. Type 2 diabetes was associated with the lowest cognitive performance in individuals with mood disorders, followed by peripheral insulin resistance, body mass index ⩾25 kg/m2, and metabolic syndrome. Significant reduction in scores was also observed among individual cognitive domains (in descending order) of working memory, attention, executive function, processing speed, verbal memory, and visual memory. These findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of comorbid metabolic dysfunction in individuals with mood disorders. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms connecting mood disorders, metabolism, and cognition.

We present the pulse arrival times and high-precision dispersion measure estimates for 14 millisecond pulsars observed simultaneously in the 300 $-$ 500 MHz and 1260 $-$ 1460 MHz frequency bands using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The data spans over a baseline of 3.5 years (2018-2021), and is the first official data release made available by the Indian Pulsar Timing Array collaboration. This data release presents a unique opportunity for investigating the interstellar medium effects at low radio frequencies and their impact on the timing precision of pulsar timing array experiments. In addition to the dispersion measure time series and pulse arrival times obtained using both narrowband and wideband timing techniques, we also present the dispersion measure structure function analysis for selected pulsars. Our ongoing investigations regarding the frequency dependence of dispersion measures have been discussed. Based on the preliminary analysis for five millisecond pulsars, we do not find any conclusive evidence of chromaticity in dispersion measures. Data from regular simultaneous two-frequency observations are presented for the first time in this work. This distinctive feature leads us to the highest precision dispersion measure estimates obtained so far for a subset of our sample. Simultaneous multi-band upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations in 300 $-$ 500 MHz and 1260 $-$ 1460 MHz are crucial for high-precision dispersion measure estimation and for the prospect of expanding the overall frequency coverage upon the combination of data from the various Pulsar Timing Array consortia in the near future. Parts of the data presented in this work are expected to be incorporated into the upcoming third data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array.

Balloon dilatation of coarctation of aorta is a standard of care for the patients presenting with severe left ventricular dysfunction. It can be performed through femoral, carotid, and axillary arterial access. Very few case series were available in the literature through axillary arterial access, despite being its advantage as non-end artery and easily palpable in coarctation of aorta. We present our experience with five cases of neonatal coarctation of aorta with severe left ventricular dysfunction where successful balloon dilatation of coarctation of aorta was performed via axillary approach without adverse events.