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4 results

  • The Proust effect and hoarding symptoms: relationships among memory vividness, object type, and urge to save

  • Lauren Milgram, Junjia Xu, Randy O. Frost, Elizabeth A. Offermann, Kiara R. Timpano
  • Journal:
    Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 December 2025, pp. 1-13
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Individuals with hoarding disorder exhibit heightened attachment to objects, but little is known about possible drivers of object attachment and associated object saving behaviors. Theory and preliminary evidence posit that the heightened object attachment characteristic of hoarding disorder may be partially explained by the experience of vivid, ‘Proustian’ memories related to objects.

    Aims:

    The current study piloted a novel Proustian Memory Task to examine whether self-reported vividness of memories associated with cherished objects, mundane objects, and non-objects was associated with greater urge to save objects and greater hoarding symptoms.

    Method:

    Participants (N=443) included a non-selected community sample recruited from the crowd-sourcing platform Prolific. Participants were asked to identify and describe a memory associated with their most cherished belonging, a mundane belonging, and a recent vacation (i.e. non-object control). Participants also reported their urge to save the identified objects and completed a self-report measure of hoarding symptoms.

    Results:

    Hoarding symptoms were not associated with vividness of memories of cherished objects, or with non-objects, but were associated with greater vividness of memories of mundane objects. Greater vividness of memories associated with objects was associated with a greater urge to save both cherished and mundane objects; however, this relationship was stronger for mundane compared with cherished objects. The relationship between memory vividness and urge to save objects was not impacted by hoarding symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    Findings provide preliminary evidence that the experience of Proustian memories, particularly those related to mundane objects, may play a role in object attachment and hoarding symptoms.

  • 17 - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hoarding Disorder

  • from Part Three - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Associated Disorders
  • Edited by Gillian Todd, University of East Anglia, Rhena Branch, University of East Anglia
  • Book:
    Evidence-Based Treatment for Anxiety Disorders and Depression
    Published online:
    06 January 2022
    Print publication:
    13 January 2022, pp 341-364

  • Summary

    Patients with hoarding disorder (HD) experience difficulties discarding that result in excess clutter in the home. HD causes distress and impairment for patients and family members and represents a significant public health burden, highlighting a need for treatment research. In this chapter, we provide an overview of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for hoarding, a promising avenue to treat core HD features in a collaborative and time-limited manner. We begin by discussing etiological factors for HD, including familial features, information-processing deficits, and core beliefs about the self and possessions. Next, we describe HD assessment, including standardized measures and case conceptualization considerations. After discussing the research evidence for individual and group CBT for HD, we provide an overview of treatment components, including psychoeducation, motivational enhancement, skills training, behavioral exposures, cognitive techniques, and relapse prevention. Barriers to treatment are also considered. We end with a case vignette illustrating the successful application of CBT for HD in an individual outpatient setting.

  • Chapter 11 - Genetic contributions to obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD-related disorders

  • Edited by John I. Nurnberger, Jr, Wade Berrettini, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
  • Book:
    Principles of Psychiatric Genetics
    Published online:
    05 October 2012
    Print publication:
    13 September 2012, pp 121-133

  • Summary

    Gene expression studies in psychiatric disorders have proven to be a useful partner to classic genetics approaches, and combined approaches such as convergent functional genomics (CFG) may provide shortcuts to the discovery of genes and overall understanding of the neurobiology involved. The combined approach has been applied with some success to bipolar disorder, alcoholism, and schizophrenia. For complete understanding of the illness, the analyses then need to be pursued at a biological pathway and mechanistic level, integrating environmental effects as key modulators of gene expression and phenotype manifestation. Progress in quantitative profiling of psychiatric phenotypes, and borrowing of concepts and paradigms from other medical fields that are farther along, such as cancer genetics and genomics, are exciting areas of advance for the near future. A (r)evolution in medical nosology in general, and psychiatric nosology in particular, will occur as a result of such studies.