Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) poses a substantial threat to morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. In 2023, a New York City Intensive Care Unit (ICU) experienced an aspergillus outbreak following a structural water leak, resulting in two patients diagnosed with Invasive Aspergillus niger in their bronchial cultures. Immediate interventions, including patient relocation and ICU reconstruction were implemented to mitigate further impacts. This study aims to assess the impact of timely relocation of patients and renovation of the ICU, on the incidence of invasive aspergillosis. Method: A quasi-experimental study design of ICU patients over a nine month period included surveillance by the Infection Prevention department from March 1 to December 1, 2023. Surveillance included review of microbiology reports, environmental cultures, and patient chart reviews. The Pre-intervention spanned March 1 to May 1, and the post-intervention from May 4 to December 1. Indoor mold assessments of pre- and post-intervention involved testing wall surfaces for moisture, air sample collection for fungal spores, and surface swabs for direct fungal analysis. The intervention included relocating all seventeen patients from the impacted ICU and comprehensive reconstruction. Reconstruction involved the removal and replacement of all sheetrock within the unit extending four feet from the floor with moisture-resistant sheetrock. Additionally, moisture resistant single sheet welded vinyl flooring and cove-bases were installed. All heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems were inspected and cleaned. Construction activities strictly adhered to Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) guidelines, with emphasis on maintaining negative pressure, to ensure a safe environment. Result: Environmental swab samples from 50% of ICU rooms indicated growth of Aspergillus/Penicillium, Chaetomium, and Stachybotrys/Memnoniella type spores during the pre-intervention phase. Environmental microbiology results strongly suggest the indoor environment as the fungal spore source, with the presence of fruiting structures indicating surface mold growth. Indoor air samples, when compared to outdoor samples collected during pre-intervention, showed rare (2-6 raw count) growth of Aspergillus in 55% of the sampled rooms and subequently no growth post-intervention. Prospective surveillance revealed no further aspergillus growth in the ICU population and environment. Conclusion: Our findings highlight a potential correlation between environmental modifications and reduced IA incidence. Swift mitigation and structural interventions are crucial in averting potentially fatal outcomes, marking a significant advancement of prevention strategies for inner-city hospital settings. Although promising, study limitations include the inability to speciate environmental aspergillus for comparison to patient bronchial cultures and the absence of baseline bronchial cultures for affected patients on admission.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Community Research Liaison Model (CRLM) is a novel model to facilitate community engaged research (CEnR) and community–academic research partnerships focused on health priorities identified by the community. We describe the CRLM development process and how it is operationalized today. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The CRLM, informed by the Principles of Community Engagement, builds trust among rural communities and expands capacity for community and investigator-initiated research. We followed a multi-phase process to design and implement a community engagement model that could be replicated. The resulting CRLM moves community–academic research collaborations from objectives to outputs using a conceptual framework that specifies our guiding principles, objectives, and actions to facilitate the objectives (i.e., capacity, motivations, and partners), and outputs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The CRLM has been fully implemented across Oregon. Six Community Research Liaisons collectively support 18 predominantly rural Oregon counties. Since 2017, the liaison team has engaged with communities on nearly 300 community projects. The CRLM has been successful in facilitating CEnR and community–academic research partnerships. The model has always existed on a dynamic foundation and continues to be responsive to the lessons learned by the community and researchers. The model is expanding across Oregon as an equitable approach to addressing health disparities across the state. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our CRLM is based on the idea that community partnerships build research capacity at the community level and are the backbone for pursuing equitable solutions and better health for communities we serve. Our model is unique in its use of CRLs to facilitate community–academic partnerships; this model has brought successes and challenges over the years.

Stress is a challenge among non-specialist health workers worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. Understanding and targeting stress is critical for supporting non-specialists and their patients, as stress negatively affects patient care. Further, stigma toward mental health and substance use conditions also impacts patient care. However, there is little information on the intersection of these factors. This sub-analysis aims to explore how substance use and mental health stigma intersect with provider stress and resource constraints to influence the care of people with HIV/TB. We conducted semi-structured interviews (N=30) with patients (n=15) and providers (n=15, non-specialist health workers) within a low-resource community in Cape Town, South Africa. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three key themes were identified: (1) resource constraints negatively affect patient care and contribute to non-specialist stress; (2) in the context of stress, non-specialists are hesitant to work with patients with mental health or substance use concerns, who they view as more demanding and (3) stress contributes to provider stigma, which negatively impacts patient care. Findings highlight the need for multilevel interventions targeting both provider stress and stigma toward people with mental health and substance use concerns, especially within the context of non-specialist-delivered mental health services in low-resource settings.

Social scientists with data science skills increasingly are assuming positions as computational social scientists in academic and non-academic organizations. However, because computational social science (CSS) is still relatively new to the social sciences, it can feel like a hidden curriculum for many PhD students. To support social science PhD students, this article is an accessible guide to CSS training based on previous literature and our collective working experiences in academic, public-, and private-sector organizations. We contend that students should supplement their traditional social science training in research design and domain expertise with CSS training by focusing on three core areas: (1) learning data science skills, (2) building a portfolio that uses data science to answer social science questions, and (3) connecting with computational social scientists. We conclude with practical recommendations for departments and professional associations to better support PhD students.

The Community Research Liaison Model (CRLM) is a novel model to facilitate community-engaged research (CEnR) and community–academic research partnerships focused on health priorities identified by the community. This model, informed by the Principles of Community Engagement, builds trust among rural communities and expands capacity for community and investigator-initiated research. We describe the CRLM development process and how it is operationalized today. We followed a multi-phase process to design and implement a community engagement model that could be replicated. The resulting CRLM moves community–academic research collaborations from objectives to outputs using a conceptual framework that specifies our guiding principles, objectives, and actions to facilitate the objectives (i.e., capacity, motivations, and partners), and outputs. The CRLM has been fully implemented across Oregon. Six Community Research Liaisons collectively support 18 predominantly rural Oregon counties. Since 2017, the liaison team has engaged with communities on nearly 300 community projects. The CRLM has been successful in facilitating CEnR and community–academic research partnerships. The model has always existed on a dynamic foundation and continues to be responsive to the lessons learned by the community and researchers. The model is expanding across Oregon as an equitable approach to addressing health disparities across the state.

Lake settlements, particularly crannogs, pose several contradictions—visible yet inaccessible, widespread yet geographically restricted, persistent yet vulnerable. To further our understanding, we developed the integrated use of palaeolimnological (scanning XRF, pollen, spores, diatoms, chironomids, Cladocera, microcharcoal, biogenic silica, SEM-EDS, stable-isotopes) and biomolecular (faecal stanols, bile acids, sedaDNA) analyses of crannog cores in south-west Scotland and Ireland. Both can be effective methods sets for revealing occupation chronologies and identifying on-crannog activities and practices. Strong results from sedaDNA and lipid biomarker analyses demonstrate probable on-site animal slaughter, food storage and possible feasting, suggesting multi-period, elite site associations, and the storage and protection of valuable resources.

In March 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, California Department of Public Health, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and Pennsylvania Department of Health initiated an investigation of an outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infections. Sixty infections were identified in California, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maine, Nevada and Ohio. The infections were linked to a no-rinse cleansing foam product (NRCFP), produced by Manufacturer A, used for skin care of patients in healthcare settings. FDA inspected Manufacturer A's production facility (manufacturing site of over-the-counter drugs and cosmetics), reviewed production records and collected product and environmental samples for analysis. FDA's inspection found poor manufacturing practices. Analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed a match between NRCFP samples and clinical isolates. Manufacturer A conducted extensive recalls, FDA issued a warning letter citing the manufacturer's inadequate manufacturing practices, and federal, state and local partners issued public communications to advise patients, pharmacies, other healthcare providers and healthcare facilities to stop using the recalled NRCFP. This investigation highlighted the importance of following appropriate manufacturing practices to minimize microbial contamination of cosmetic products, especially if intended for use in healthcare settings.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Older adults are included in clinical research infrequently compared to their burden of chronic illness. The goal for this study is to learn from older adults about their lived experiences with research and use this knowledge to develop tools and solutions aimed at increasing their inclusion. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study utilized the 5T Model (developed by Duke CTSA) and Community Engagement Studio (CES) (developed by Vanderbilt CTSA) to connect and engage with community experts (older adults and those who work with older adults) in Oregon. Two CES were completed with 14 community experts and 4 investigators interested in including older adults in their studies. Participants took part in a 2-hour facilitated discussion to gain insight from their perspectives on research. The 5T Model was shared with participants and used to guide the discussion and elicit feedback on the model and identify gaps in resources and training needed for investigators to enhance inclusion of older adults in research. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Trust, relationships, education, and diversity were themes identified across all of the 5Ts. Participants discussed the need for inclusion and diversity within research, with an emphasis on those at the oldest ages, rural populations, and lower socioeconomic status. Participants acknowledged both investigators and participants require more education, with a great need for improving health literacy for research participants. Participants saw trust and relationships as an integral part of older adult inclusion in research, with the relationship being not only that between investigator and participant, but between them and the communities that support older adults, including family members. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlighted the voices of older adult research participants, allowing for participant-informed findings and solution development. Future directions will focus on developing and refining tools and resources for investigators and expanding to other underrepresented populations.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In a familial case where 10 of 17 members inherited EA/LVNC in an autosomal dominant pattern, we discovered a novel, damaging missense variant in the gene KLHL26 that segregates with disease and comprises an altered electrostatic surface profile, likely decoupling the CUL3-interactome. We hypothesize that this KLHL26 variant is etiologic of EA/LVNC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We differentiated a family trio (a heart-healthy daughter and EA/LVNC-affected mother and daughter) of induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in a blinded manner on three iPSC clones per subject. Using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and biomechanical, electrophysiological, and automated contraction methods, we investigated iPSC-CM differentiation efficiency between D10-20, contractility analysis and cell cycle regulation at D20, and sarcomere organization at D60. We further conducted differential analyses following label-free protein and RNA-Seq quantification at D20. Via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we plan to characterize KLHL26 variant-specific iPSC-CM alterations and connect findings to discoveries from patient-specific studies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: All iPSC lines differentiated into CMs with an increased percentage of cTnT+ cells in the affected daughter line. In comparison to the unaffected, affected iPSC-CMs had fewer contractions per minute and altered calcium transients, mainly a higher amount of total calcium release, faster rate of rise and faster rate of fall. The affected daughter line further had shorter shortening and relaxation times, higher proliferation, lower apoptosis, and a smaller cell surface area per cardiac nucleus. The affected mother line trended in a similar direction to the affected daughter line. There were no gross differences in sarcomere organization between the lines. We also discovered differential expression of candidate proteins such as kinase VRK1 and collagen COL5A1 from proteomic profiling. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These discoveries suggest that EA/LVNC characteristics or pathogenesis may result from decreased contractile ability, altered calcium transients, and cell cycle dysregulation. Through the KLHL26 variant correction and introduction in the daughter lines, we will build upon this understanding to inform exploration of critical clinical targets.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend MAP maintenance at 85-90 mmHg to optimize spinal cord perfusion post-SCI. Recently, there has been increased interest in spinal cord perfusion pressure as a surrogate marker for spinal cord blood flow. The study aims to determine the congruency of subdural and intramedullary spinal cord pressure measurements at the site of SCI, both rostral and caudal to the epicenter of injury. Methods: Seven Yucatan pigs underwent a T5 to L1 laminectomy with intramedullary (IM) and subdural (SD) pressure sensors placed 2 mm rostral and 2 mm caudal to the epicenter of SCI. A T10 contusion SCI was performed followed by an 8-hour period of monitoring. Axial ultrasound images were captured at the epicenter of injury pre-SCI, post-SCI, and hourly thereafter. Results: Pigs with pre-SCI cord to dural sac ratio (CDSR) of >0.8 exhibited greater occlusion of the subdural space post-SCI with a positive correlation between IM and SD pressure rostral to the injury and a negative correlation caudal to the epicenter. Pigs with pre-SCI CDSR <0.8 exhibited no correlation between IM and SD pressure. Conclusions: Congruency of IM and SD pressure is dependent on compartmentalization of the spinal cord occurring secondary to swelling that occludes the subdural space.

We present the data and initial results from the first pilot survey of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU), observed at 944 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The survey covers $270 \,\mathrm{deg}^2$ of an area covered by the Dark Energy Survey, reaching a depth of 25–30 $\mu\mathrm{Jy\ beam}^{-1}$ rms at a spatial resolution of $\sim$ 11–18 arcsec, resulting in a catalogue of $\sim$ 220 000 sources, of which $\sim$ 180 000 are single-component sources. Here we present the catalogue of single-component sources, together with (where available) optical and infrared cross-identifications, classifications, and redshifts. This survey explores a new region of parameter space compared to previous surveys. Specifically, the EMU Pilot Survey has a high density of sources, and also a high sensitivity to low surface brightness emission. These properties result in the detection of types of sources that were rarely seen in or absent from previous surveys. We present some of these new results here.