Boundary layer instabilities and shock–boundary-layer interactions (SBLIs) critically affect the performance and safe operation of mixed-compression air intakes. We present a computational study anchored in companion experiments, to evaluate the multimodal mechanisms driving the dynamics of the external compression ramp flow and the cowl SBLI in a Mach $3$ intake. Boundary layer transition over the external ramp is first analysed through a global linear analysis, and the linear estimates are further validated through direct numerical simulations. The separation bubble over the ramp harbours three-dimensional stationary instabilities that induce transition, under the influence of secondary instabilities driven by the shear layer modes of the bubble. The interaction of the resulting turbulized boundary layer with the cowl shock at the ramp–isolator junction and its control through geometrical modification constitutes the second part of the study. We tested a faceted (baseline) and a notched (modified) junction design to evaluate its impact on the low-, mid- and high-frequency scales generated at the cowl SBLI region. In relation to the baseline case, the notched geometry effectively locks the separation point of the bubble, thus attenuating the upstream low-frequency breathing motion. The notch also energizes the midfrequency content through vortex shedding in a well-developed shear layer, which persists into the isolator, thus assisting in an efficient compression process through cross-stream mixing of near-wall flow. The isolator boundary layer in the notched design exhibits relatively lower static pressures and higher velocity fluctuations, which are conducive to improving the flow stability, unstart margin and efficiency of high-speed propulsion systems.

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, which has a variable presentation based on the age of onset. We describe five adult/adolescent-onset NPC cases presenting with a range of movement disorders along with vertical supranuclear gaze palsy as part of the clinical presentation. A diagnostic delay of 4–17 years from the symptom onset was found in this case series. A high index of clinical suspicion in adult/adolescent patients presenting with vertical supranuclear gaze palsy along with various movement disorder phenomenology can help in the early diagnosis of NPC.

The artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) formed by meta-materials is used in the micro-strip antenna design for microwave sensor applications. The AMC structures with two uniplanar layers, which include modified square split-ring resonator cells, are repeated and formed into a 5 × 3 array. The antenna's operational bandwidth result is significant, and it is in the range of 2.8–10 GHz with a maximum gain of 11.8 dB. Cancer or malignant tumor cells have entirely different electrical properties than healthy breast tissue. Principal component analysis and specific absorption rate (SAR) are used as a parameter to identify cancer or malignant tumor cells in the breast. The SAR values have been calculated for each layer of the 3D breast model. The results show a difference in the SAR values based on the size and tumors' locations.

The capability of borospherene to detect radioactive pollutants (radon and radium) is investigated utilizing density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function regime. The quantum transport is evaluated by calculating the density of states, chemical potential, transmission and molecular energy spectra, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, electron densities, current–voltage curve, and differential and quantum conductance. LUMO-mediated transmission is observed in all the cases. The conduction considerably declines in B40 molecular junction doped with radioactive pollutants in comparison to pure B40 molecular junction. This decrease in conduction is due to reduced electron density and higher chemical potential in doped B40 junctions. Due to different values of current and differential conductance, we propose utilization of B40 in detecting the presence of radioactive pollutants in underground water. Also, all molecular junctions assay lifting of Coulomb blockade at equilibrium state; thus, these devices can be effectively utilized in single-electron transistor applications.

Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak occurred in Kozhikode district, Kerala, India in 2018 with a case fatality rate of 91% (21/23). In 2019, a single case with full recovery occurred in Ernakulam district. We described the response and control measures by the Indian Council of Medical Research and Kerala State Government for the 2019 NiV outbreak. The establishment of Point of Care assays and monoclonal antibodies administration facility for early diagnosis, response and treatment, intensified contact tracing activities, bio-risk management and hospital infection control training of healthcare workers contributed to effective control and containment of NiV outbreak in Ernakulam.

Information on density and abundance of globally threatened species such as tigers Panthera tigris is essential for effective conservation as well as to evaluate the success of conservation programmes. We monitored tigers in Parsa Widlife Reserve, Nepal, using camera traps, in 2013, 2014 and 2016. Once believed to be a sink for tigers from adjacent Chitwan National Park, Parsa now provides a new hope for tigers. Spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis over 3 survey years revealed an increase in tiger density from 0.78 to 1.38 individuals per 100 km2 from 2013 to 2016. The tiger abundance was estimated to be seven (6–13), 11 (10–16) and 17 (17–20) in 2013, 2014 and 2016, respectively. Resettlement of communities from the core area, reduced anthropogenic pressure, and improved security have made Parsa Wildlife Reserve a suitable habitat for tigers. Tiger abundance increased considerably within a 5 km radius of the evacuated village sites, from two in 2013 to eight in 2014 and 10 in 2016. Population turnover has remained moderate (< 30% per year), with persistence of individuals in multiple years. Dispersing tigers from Chitwan's source population accounted for a large portion (c. 40%) of the tigers detected in Parsa. Conservation efforts along with annual monitoring should be continued in Parsa to sustain the increase and monitor the persistence of tigers. The Chitwan–Parsa complex should be managed as a single ecological unit for conserving the Endangered tiger and other wide-ranging species.