Effective land use planning must consider both instrumental (monetary) and intrinsic (non-monetary) values derived from nature to ensure that the significance of natural assets is adequately integrated into our perspectives, planning processes and resource management strategies. As an initial step toward this broader objective, we characterize ecosystem services (cultural, supporting, regulating and provisioning) and potential biodiversity (indicator species of plants, insects, lizards, birds and mammals) within the predominant vegetation types (wetlands, shrublands and grasslands) located in Santa Cruz province, Argentina. Our findings reveal that vegetation types support distinct potential biodiversity and offer unique bundles of ecosystem services. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for land use planning in Santa Cruz (Argentina), integrating considerations of ecosystem services and biodiversity values. For cultural ecosystem services, wetlands exhibited the highest aesthetic and recreational values, while dwarf-shrublands scored highest for existence values. Wetlands were also important for regulating ecosystem services, whereas steppe grasslands ranked the lowest in this regard. Although steppe grasslands possess the highest potential biodiversity values, these values are not distributed homogeneously, with hotspots located: (i) on the southern border of Santa Cruz (4 million ha), (ii) 2.75 million ha in the north, and (iii) one smaller area of 1.25-million ha in the central-east.

The Berlanga Cup is the second piece found in Hispania of the type known as the Hadrian’s Wall series. Despite its artistic interest, it bears important information about the Wall, since it is the only element of the series that mentions the forts located on the eastern side of Hadrian’s Wall. This study encompasses research on epigraphy, archaeometry, the virtualisation of the piece, and the survey of its context with a GPR and an artefactual survey. Arguments are provided regarding use as gifts purchased by their owner or given to him to commemorate his military career, perhaps linked to the Corhors I Celtiberorum, which would later accompany him on his return to his place of origin in Roman Celtiberia.

Chrysobalanus icaco L. (Caco) is a fruit tree distributed in tropical areas of Africa and America. Its seeds are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and their consumption could have a positive impact on human health during dyslipidaemias. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Caco seeds in an in vivo model of hypertriglyceridaemia induced by Triton WR-1339 (tyloxapol). Phytochemical characterisation revealed saponin and phytic acid contents of 4730 ± 190 µg of saponin equivalents and 1·0 ± 0·05 µg phytic acid equivalents g–1 of sample, respectively. Phenolic acids and flavonoids (ellagic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide and myricetin, among others) were identified by HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight (TOF) -MS. Aqueous extract of Caco seeds was administered once daily for three consecutive days at two doses (150 and 600 mg/kg) in male CD1 mice, where treatment with 600 mg/kg reduced serum TAG levels by 64 % compared with control, decreased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and modulated superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in hepatic tissue. Complementary in silico molecular docking analyses suggested a potential interaction of apigenin-7-O-glucuronide with lipid metabolism-related enzymes. These findings indicate that C. icaco L. seeds may be considered a promising source of bioactive molecules for the treatment and management of early phases of dyslipidaemias, as evidenced in an acute model, but their full potential in chronic stages merits further research.

A combined experimental and numerical investigation of equilibrium states arising from quasi-two-dimensional turbulent flows in a rotating quadrangular basin with a central flat region and steep slopes adjacent to the sidewalls is presented. The study examines freely decaying and continuously forced regimes. Laboratory experiments show that decaying turbulence consistently evolves into a robust equilibrium state characterised by: (i) a boundary current around the basin along the topographic contours, and (ii) a central anticyclone – features accurately reproduced by shallow-water numerical simulations at laboratory scale. Additional simulations using a mesoscale basin suggest the relevance of these findings to oceanic regimes for different initial conditions and topographic parameters. In the case of continuously forced flows, time-averaged fields reveal qualitatively similar structures, despite the randomness of the applied forcing and the consequent absence of a strict equilibrium. These results demonstrate the emergence of robust flow patterns with implications for the modelling and understanding of semi-permanent flows that are often found in statistical theories of geophysical turbulence.

The characteristics of participatory institutions can be articulated in three main dimensions: input, process and output. The common assumption is that a dependency relationship exists, with process serving as a mediator between input and output. This paper puts the model to a rare empirical test drawing on a unique dataset of 70 Spanish advisory councils. Through a combination of exploratory factor and path analyses, we analyse the dimensionality of input, process and output and investigate the direct and indirect impact of inputs on process and outputs. Our analysis provides evidence that input factors have a direct impact on the output factor transparency, but their impact on effects on policy and participant satisfaction is mediated by the process factor deliberation. Further, the capacity of the public administration to steer the advisory council (wardship) mediates negatively the impact of input variables on transparency. The analysis provides a nuanced account of how different input and process design characteristics of participatory institutions have profound direct and indirect effects on their outputs.

The actuator line model (ALM) is an approach commonly used to represent lifting and dragging devices like wings and blades in large-eddy simulations (LES). The crux of the ALM is the projection of the actuator point forces onto the LES grid by means of a Gaussian regularisation kernel. The minimum width of the kernel is constrained by the grid size; however, for most practical applications like LES of wind turbines, this value is an order of magnitude larger than the optimal value that maximises accuracy. This discrepancy motivated the development of corrections for the actuator line, which, however, neglect the effect of unsteady spanwise shed vorticity. In this work we develop a model for the impact of spanwise shed vorticity on the unsteady loading of an aerofoil modelled as a Gaussian body force distribution, where the model is applicable within the regime of unsteady attached flow. The model solution is derived both in the time and frequency domain and features an explicit dependence on the Gaussian kernel width. We verify the model with ALM-LES for both pitch steps and periodic pitching. The model solution is compared withTheodorsen theory and validated with both computational fluid dynamics using body fitted grids and experiment. It is concluded that the optimal kernel width for unsteady aerodynamics is approximately $40\,\%$ of the chord. The ALM is able to predict the magnitude of the unsteady loading up to a reduced frequency of $k\approx 0.2$.

How can a uniform approach be applied to art archives with different origins? How can an artist’s personal library be arranged, classified, and made available to users? Is there a digital strategy that effectively addresses the unique requirements of different materials? What challenges arise during the process and how can they be confronted? These and other questions were considered at the outset of three projects at the Art Library at Fundación Juan March: the legacy of an artist, a collective archive of artists, and the historical archive of the exhibitions department. In this article, we undertake a journey through each of the projects, highlighting and reflecting about the most relevant aspects of their management, showcasing some of the materials, explaining the processes undertaken and our vision for future work.

Invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) is associated with high hospitalization and mortality rates, particularly among adults aged ≥60 years. O-antigens are virulence factors required for E. coli survival. To inform EXPEC9V development, a novel glycoconjugate vaccine targeting E. coli O-antigens that is no longer in active clinical development, this retrospective observational study describes O-serotype prevalence among E. coli isolates from IED patients. Eligible patients were identified from medical record databases (9 January 2018–8 November 2019) across 17 tertiary care hospitals in Europe, North America, and Asia. To estimate vaccine serotype coverage of EXPEC9V, E. coli isolates were O-serotyped using whole-genome sequencing and agglutination. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed. Nine hundred and two patients were enrolled, of whom 690 (76.5%) were aged ≥60 years. Common serotypes were O25, O2, O6, O1, O15, O75, O16, O4, and O18, with O25 being the most reported (17.3%). In patients aged ≥60 years, 422/637 E. coli isolates were EXPEC9V O-serotypes. EXPEC9V O-serotype prevalence did not substantially differ when stratified according to sex, presence of a positive blood culture, sepsis, fatality, or multidrug resistance. Consistent with previous studies, serotype O25 was most prevalent and associated with ~20% of cases. An EXPEC9V vaccine serotype coverage of 66.2% was observed for IED patients aged ≥60 years.

This systematic review examines how generative design enhances communication and collaboration in multidisciplinary engineering teams. Using the PRISMA framework and CASP evaluation program, we analyzed 1,105 sources to assess its role in improving workflows, facilitating collaboration, and reducing communication gaps through CAD, algorithmic modeling, and AI-driven platforms. The findings show that generative design supports teamwork, optimizes design processes, and strengthens interdisciplinary collaboration. While widely used in architecture, aerospace, and automotive industries, its adoption in product design remains limited, presenting opportunities for further research and innovation. These insights contribute to a better understanding of how generative design can bridge communication barriers in engineering projects.

Human genetic structure of Iberian populations has been thoroughly explored in the last decades. The internal diversity of the Iberian Peninsula becomes visible by the different phylogeographic origins of particular mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome lineages, which show a high degree of population specificity. In the present study, we combined information on matrilineal and patrilineal variation patterns in two autochthonous populations from Andalusia region (southern Spain). A special focus is made to a male sample set where both uniparental data are available. Gene diversities estimates yielded not statistically significant differences between both types of samples and markers. Genetic ancestry among Andalusians seems to be constituted by three foremost continental origins: European, African, and Middle Eastern. The examined male group has revealed a noticeable proportion of individuals (over 45%) with a non-correspondence between maternal and paternal haplogroup origins, a signal of different population demographic histories linked to both sexes in the past. Andalusian males seem to be well differentiated according to ancestries. As expected, mtDNA diversity was much higher than that for the Y chromosome, a fact that can be caused by patrilocality, which leads to particular social structures with effects on haploid genomes in modern human populations.

The house-money effect, understood as people’s tendency to be more daring with easily-gotten money, is a behavioral pattern that poses questions about the external validity of experiments in economics: to what extent do people behave in experiments like they would have in a real-life situation, given that they play with easily-gotten house money? We ran an economic experiment with 122 students to measure the house-money effect on their risk preferences. They received an amount of money with which they made risky decisions involving losses and gains; a randomly selected treatment group received the money 21 days in advance and a control group got it the day of the experiment. From a simple calculation we found that participants in the treatment group only spent on average approximately 35 % of their cash in advance. The data confirms the well documented results that men are more tolerant to risk than women, and that individuals in general are more risk tolerant towards losses than towards gains. With our preferred specification, we find a mean CRRA risk aversion coefficient of 0.34, with a standard deviation of 0.09. Furthermore, if subjects in the treatment group spent 35 % of the endowment their CRRA risk aversion coefficient is higher than that of the control group by approximately 0.3 standard deviations. We interpret this result as evidence of a small and indirect house money effect operating though the amount of the cash in advance that was actually spent. We conclude that the house money effect may play a small role in decisions under uncertainty, especially when involving losses. Our novel design, however, could be used for other domains of decision making both in the lab and for calibration of economic models used in micro and macroeconomics.

Two new sites, identified during a survey of the Tajuña River Valley, central Iberia, show evidence of both flint extraction and working, specifically for the production of long blades. These are an important addition to the limited number of such sites known in Eurasia.

We present spectroscopic properties of 22 Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) at $z = 5.5 - 6.6$ with Ly$\alpha$ luminosity $\mathrm{log}( L_{\mathrm{Ly}\alpha} \, [\mathrm{erg} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}]) = 42.4 - 43.5 $, obtained using VLT/MUSE as part of the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey. Additionally, we incorporate broad-band photometric data from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Wide layer for 17 LAEs in our sample. The HSC-y band magnitudes show that our LAEs are UV-bright, with rest-frame absolute UV magnitudes $ -19.74 \leq \mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{UV}} \leq -23.27$. We find that the Ly$\alpha$ line width increases with Ly$\alpha$ luminosity, and this trend becomes more prominent at $z \gt 6$ where Ly$\alpha$ lines become significantly broadened ($\gtrsim+260 \, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$) at luminosities $\mathrm{log}( L_{\mathrm{Ly}\alpha} \, [\mathrm{erg} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}]) \gt 43 $. This broadening is consistent with previous studies, suggesting that these sources are located inside larger ionised bubbles. We observe a slightly elevated ionising photon production efficiency estimated for LAEs at $z \gt 6$, which indicates that younger galaxies could be producing more ionising photons per UV luminosity. A tentative anti-correlation between ionising photon production efficiency and Ly$\alpha$ rest-frame equivalent width is noticed, which could indicate a time delay between production and escape of ionising photon primarily due to supernovae activity. Furthermore, we find a positive correlation between radius of ionised regions and Ly$\alpha$ line width, which again suggests that large ionised bubbles are created around these LAEs, which are allowing them to self-shield from the scattering effects of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We also detect two very closely separated LAEs at $z = 6.046$ (projected spatial distance between the cores is 15.92 kpc). This is the LAE pair with the smallest separation ever discovered in the reionisation epoch. The size of their respective bubbles suggests that they likely sit inside a common large ionised region. Such a closely separated LAE pair increases the size of ionised bubble, potentially allowing a boosted transmission of Ly$\alpha$ through neutral IGM and also supports an accelerated reionisation scenario.

Introduction: In public discourse and media, as well as in medical settings, dementia is often portrayed as a tragedy, a perspective that contributes to stigma. Descriptions using metaphors like decaying fruit, or statements labeling dementia as death in life’’ and a tsunami for healthcare systems,’’ not only perpetuate negative emotions like fear and helplessness, but also promote social distance. These dehumanizing expressions can intensify the suffering of those living with dementia and those around them, besides complicating understanding of the condition, exacerbating social isolation, and hindering timely medical attention. Questioning the narrative of dementia as a tragedy does not imply denying or underestimating the challenges and suffering associated with this condition. However, diagnosis should not hinder the recognition of moments of pleasure, the potential for internal growth of the person living with dementia and those around them, as well as the persistence of connection and dignity. The philosophy of ambiguity offers a useful framework for countering a stigmatizing narrative and addressing dementia with a more compassionate and nuanced approach. The philosophy of ambiguity, primarily expounded by Simone de Beauvoir, invites us to recognize the coexistence of multiple realities and the simultaneous presence of contradictions. This is reflected in the complex contradictions and paradoxes present in our experiences, both personal and social. Health itself is an ambiguous concept, representing not only the absence of illness but also a dynamic and multifaceted state, culturally and contextually influenced. By focusing on preserved abilities, we can contribute to the well-being of those living with dementia, reinforcing their dignity and self-esteem. The success of this approach depends on having adequate social support and an effective healthcare system. Understanding dementia in a broad social and cultural context allows us to overcome the traditional Manichean view that categorizes it strictly as either tragedy or well-being. It is crucial for medical personnel to use empathetic and respectful communication to maintain dignity and foster hope in those living with dementia. Listening carefully and avoiding stigmatizing language are fundamental to recognizing individual worth and creating a more compassionate and humane care environment.

The 17-subunit RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) synthesizes essential untranslated RNAs such as tRNAs and 5S rRNA. In yeast and vertebrates, subunit C82 forms a stable subcomplex with C34 and C31 that is necessary for promoter-specific transcription initiation. Little is known about RNAP III transcription in trypanosomatid parasites. To narrow this knowledge gap, we characterized the C82 subunit in Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major. Bioinformatic analyses showed that the 4 distinctive extended winged-helix (eWH) domains and the coiled-coil motif are present in C82 in these microorganisms. Nevertheless, C82 in trypanosomatids presents certain unique traits, including an exclusive loop within the eWH1 domain. We found that C82 localizes to the nucleus and binds to RNAP III-dependent genes in the insect stages of both parasites. Knock-down of C82 by RNA interference significantly reduced the levels of tRNAs and 5S rRNA and led to the death of procyclic forms of T. brucei. Tandem affinity purifications with both parasites allowed the identification of several C82-interacting partners, including C34 and some genus-specific putative regulators of transcription. However, the orthologue of C31 was not found in trypanosomatids. Interestingly, our data suggest a strong association of C82 with TFIIIC subunits in T. brucei, but not in L. major.