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  • 14 - Functional Architecture of Prepositional Phrases

  • from Part II - Comparative Syntax: Building Blocks and Combinatorial Properties
  • Edited by Sjef Barbiers, Universiteit Leiden, Norbert Corver, Universiteit Utrecht, Maria Polinsky, University of Maryland, College Park
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Comparative Syntax
    Published online:
    05 January 2026
    Print publication:
    04 September 2025, pp 426-463

  • Summary

    This chapter is about the comparative syntax of adpositions. We suggest that the category P is universal, and argue that in addition to functional adpositions, there are also lexical Ps. We make our way through the extended projections of P from bottom to top, and argue that the composition of the extended PP parallels that of the extended VP. We show that in addition to PP-internal projections for grammatical aspect (coding place vs. path distinctions) and for event aspect (coding boundedness distinctions), there are also projections dedicated to deixis and to discourse particles. The maximal extension of the PP provides an escape hatch for extraction, much like Spec, CP in the clause. We also discuss the relationship between Figure, Ground, and Theme, suggesting that Figure and Theme should be kept distinct. Finally, we suggest that cross-linguistically there are two major ways of building PPs: they can bottom out in a lexical P or in a relational noun. In the latter case, the Ground is merged as a possessor of the relational noun, and PPs show morphological parallels with possessive structures.

Syntax of Dutch
  • Nouns and Noun Phrases, Volume 2
  • Volume 2
  • Hans Broekhuis, Marcel den Dikken
  • Published by:
    Amsterdam University Press
    Published online:
    21 January 2021
    Print publication:
    10 November 2012
  • Syntax of Dutch presents a synthesis of formal linguistic research of the Dutch language from over forty years of scholarship. It is primarily concerned with language description, and provides support to all researchers interested in matters relating to the syntax of Dutch. These volumes provide a dense yet highly organized description of the internal structure of the noun phrase as well as its external distribution within the clause. These works are written with a directness and lucidity that makes it accessible to linguists of all kinds, including advanced students. This work, which will published in seven volumes in the period 2012–2016, is an essential addition to the library of any linguist working with Dutch.

Dependency and Directionality
  • Marcel den Dikken
  • Published online:
    19 June 2018
    Print publication:
    05 July 2018
  • The direction in which the structure of sentences and filler-gap dependencies are built is a topic of fundamental importance to linguistic theory and its applications. This book develops an integrated understanding of structure building, movement and locality embedded in a syntactic theory that argues for a 'top down' approach, presenting an explicit counterweight to the bottom-up derivations pervading the Chomskian mainstream. It combines a compact and comprehensive historical perspective on structure building, the cycle, and movement, with detailed discussions of island effects, the typology of long-distance filler-gap dependencies, and the special problems posed by the subject in clausal syntax. Providing introductions to the main issues, reviewing extant arguments for bottom-up and top-down approaches, and presenting several case studies in its development of a new theory, this book should be of interest to all students and scholars of language interested in syntactic structures and the dependencies inside them.

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