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During the second year of the Peloponnesian War (430BC) the city-state of Athens was ravaged by a plague. The great historian Thucydides, who survived himself the disease, documented the social effect of the pandemic upon the city, where almost 100.000 people died. According to his account on the moral decadence the epidemic caused, he wrote that ‘the catastrophe was so overwhelming that men, not knowing what would happen to them next, became indifferent to every rule of religion or law.’ The ancient plague had triggered an ethical crisis, but the Athenian democracy had to survive, due to its main characteristics as highlighted by Pericles in his famous Funeral’s Oration. In this speech dedicated to the dead fighters, of the first year of the war, Pericles emphasized, that one of the emancipatory elements of the Athenian democracy was the sensibility of measure and a combination of philosophy with action.
The Greek Pavilion in the 57 Venice Biennale of Art, hosted an exhibition titled Laboratory of Dilemmas. As the informative note explained at the entrance of the site: ‘Laboratory of dilemmas is a narrative video installation based on Aeschylus’ theatre play Iketides (Suppliant women) and the dilemmas it poses between saving the Foreigner or maintaining the safety of the Native, which attempts to expose the anguish, puzzlement and confusion of individuals and social groups when called upon to address similar dilemmas’. According to the note: Iketides ‘is the first literary text in history that raises the issue of a persecuted group of people seeking asylum …. . The King is faced with a major dilemma … If he doesn’t help them he will be breaking the sacred laws of hospitality and violating the principles of Law and Humanism, leaving the Suppliants to the mercy of their pursuers who might well destroy them.’
This book offers an innovative interdisciplinary approach that elucidates the importance of virtue ethics to help better understand the role of leadership in international organisations. The authors use a combination of theoretical and conceptual narratives as well as case studies to highlight both the advantages and weaknesses that the angle of virtue ethics offers. A particularly important step in times of uncertainty or crisis when the demand for leadership becomes more urgent yet more daunting. In this sense, this volume oscillates between critique and hope, since it provides a plausible, rather than a purely abstract, approach to the conceptualization and concretization of ethical leadership.