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  • Comparing the Draft and Final Circular A-4

  • Mark Febrizio, Sarah Hay, Zhoudan Xie
  • Journal:
    Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis / Volume 16 / Issue S2 / Summer 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 June 2025, pp. 315-325
    • Article
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  • In April 2023, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) published a draft of revisions to Circular A-4, the first changes proposed since its publication in 2003. Following a public comment period, OMB published the final revised Circular A-4 in November 2023. In this article, we provide a section-by-section comparison describing the similarities and differences between the April draft and the November revision of Circular A-4. Among other observations, we note that the revised Circular A-4 changes the default social rate of time preference from 1.7 to 2.0%, retains recommendations for using distributional weighting in benefit–cost analysis, and retains recommendations to use a global point of view when determining the spatial scope of the analysis.