We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
The pellet ablation mechanism is an interesting subject for plasma fuelling in fusion plasmas. In GAMMA 10/PDX, pellet injection experiments for higher density plasma production are planned to conduct detached plasma experiments in the higher density plasma condition. We measured the pellet ablation cloud by using the two-directional simultaneous photography system in GAMMA 10/PDX. The tomography reconstruction technique was used for considering the pellet trajectory in the plasma and pellet ablation. The three-dimensional pellet trajectory and pellet ablation images in the plasma were clearly obtained for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.
The interactive effect of personal factors and social factors upon suicide risk is unclear. We conducted prospective cohort study to investigate whether the impact of the economic crisis in 1997–1998 upon suicide risk differed according to Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits.
Methods
The Miyagi Cohort Study in Japan with a follow-up for 19 years from 1990 to 2008 has 29 432 subjects aged 40–64 years at baseline who completed a questionnaire about various health habits and the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised Short Form in 1990.
Results
The suicide mortality rate increased from 4.6 per 100 000 person-years before 1998 to 27.8 after 1998. Although both Neuroticism and Psychoticism were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality during the whole period from 1990 to 2008, the impact of the economic crisis upon suicide risk differed between the Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits. Compared with the lowest category, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest Neuroticism increased from 0.66 before 1998 to 2.45 after 1998. On the other hand, the HRs for the highest Psychoticism decreased from 7.85 before 1998 to 2.05 after 1998.
Conclusions
The impact of the 1997–1998 economic crisis upon suicide risk differed according to personality. Suicide risk increased among these with higher Neuroticism after the economic crisis, but this was not the case for other personality subscales.
The Bullard laryngoscope can be useful in management of difficult airway. When the endotracheal tube is advanced over the original Bullard laryngoscope stylet, the endotracheal tube sometimes makes contact with structures around the vocal cords, especially the right arytenoids. A similar problem also occurs with flexible fibreoptic intubation and it has been shown that use of the Parker Flex-Tip™ tube usually resolves the problem. In this study we tested our hypothesis that use of the Parker Flex-Tip™ tube might improve endotracheal tube passage with the Bullard laryngoscope.
Methods
Forty patients scheduled for elective anaesthesia were randomly assigned into group ST (standard tube) or Group PT (Parker Flex-Tip™ tube). The time taken to achieve successful endotracheal tube placement after obtaining the best laryngeal view, the number of attempts at intubation and the incidences of successful intubation at first attempt and of re-direction of the Bullard laryngoscope during intubation were recorded. Unpaired t-test and χ2-test were employed and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Use of the Parker Flex-Tip™ tube reduced the time required for successful endotracheal tube placement after the best laryngeal view was obtained from 14 ± 6 to 6 ± 2 s (P < 0.01). It also reduced the incidence of requirement for re-direction of the Bullard laryngoscope during intubation from 10/19 to 1/19 (P < 0.01). The incidence of successful intubation at the first attempt (18/19 vs. 15/19) was higher in the PT group but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusions
During intubation with the Bullard laryngoscope, use of the Parker Flex-Tip™ tube is associated with more rapid success and a lower incidence of re-direction of the Bullard laryngoscope during endotracheal intubation when compared to a standard endotracheal tube.
We are developing a new near-infrared high-resolution (R[max] = 100,000) and high-sensitive spectrograph WINERED, which is specifically customized for short NIR bands at 0.9–1.35 μm. WINERED employs an innovative optical system; a portable design and a warm optics without any cold stops. The planned astrometric space mission JASMINE will provide precise positions, distances, and proper motions of the bulge stars. The missing components, the radial velocity and chemical composition will be measured by WINERED. These combined data brought by JASMINE and WINERED will certainly reveal the nature of the Galactic bulge. We plan to complete this instrument for observations of single objects by the end of 2008 and to attach it to various 4–10m telescopes as a PI-type instrument. We hope to upgrade WINERED with a multi-object feed in the future for efficient survey of the JASMINE bulge stars.
Epidemic spastic paraparesis (konzo) found in tropical and subtropical countries is known to be caused by long-term intake of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), which contains a cyanoglucoside linamarin (α-hydroxyisobutyronitrile-β-D-glucopyranoside). It has been reported that linamarin is enzymatically converted to cyanide by bacteria in the intestine, and this is absorbed into the blood and then damages neural cells. However, unmetabolized linamarin was found in the urine after oral administration of cassava; thus, we hypothesized that konzo could be caused by direct toxicity of the unmetabolized linamarin that was transferred to the brain and could be transported into neural cells via a glucose transporter. In the present study it was confirmed that linamarin directly damaged neural culture pheochromocytoma cell (PC) 12 cells; 0·10 mM-linamarin caused cell death at 13·31 (SD 2·07) %, which was significantly different from that of control group (3·18 (SD 0·92) %, P=0·0004). Additional 10 μM-cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of a glucose transporter, prevented cell death: the percentage of dead cells significantly decreased to 6·06 (SD 1·98), P=0·0088). Furthermore, glucose also prevented cell death. These present results strongly suggest that linamarin competes with cytochalasin B and glucose for binding to a glucose transporter and enters into cells via glucose transporter.
We resolved a photoemission signal from a single self-organized GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dot (QD) with picosecond time resolution. The emission spectra consisting of the multiexciton structures are observed to depend on the delay time and the excitation intensity. Through the analysis we can determine the carrier relaxation time as a function of population of photoinjected carriers. Enhancement of the intra-dot carrier relaxation is demonstrated to be due to the carrier-carrier scattering inside a single QD.
A combinatorial material synthesis with temperature gradient heating system was employed to optimizing growth parameters for oxide growth on Si substrate. From the obtained results, it was found the dielectric property depends on the growth temperature as well as the composition. The interface structures were investigated by high resolution electron microscopy with a series of specimens fabricated by micro sampling method. The results showed that amorphous oxide region and SiO2 layer were formed at the interface. It was speculated that the amorphous oxide region contributed to the reduction of the dielectric property. To avoid the amorphous and SiO2 formation at the oxide/Si interface, a few kinds of intermediate layers were inserted and tested to find the possibility of abrupt interface formation.
Self-organized oligosilane thin films possess molecular orientation normal to substrates with multilayered structure. This unique order of -conjugated molecules results in good hole transport properties. In the present work, carrier transport properties at low temperature are studied for 1,10-diethyldecamethylsilane polycrystalline films. Even at a temperature as low as 173 K, a time-of-flight transient photocurrent waveform showed a clear plateau and a sharp decay, whose shape is similar to that at room temperature. Their hole mobility followed Arrhenius type temperature dependence with a small activation energy of 0.09 eV. The hole mobility of 6.3×10-5cm2/Vs at 193 K was more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of typical polysilanes, which inevitably contain disordered structures hindering smooth carrier transport.
Self-organized oligosilane thin films possess molecular orientation normal to substrates with multilayered structure. This unique order of σ-conjugated molecules results in good hole transport properties. In the present work, carrier transport properties at low temperature are studied for 1,10-diethyldecamethylsilane polycrystalline films. Even at a temperature as low as 173 K, a time-of-flight transient photocurrent waveform showed a clear plateau and a sharp decay, whose shape is similar to that at room temperature. Their hole mobility followed Arrhe-nius type temperature dependence with a small activation energy of 0.09 eV. The hole mobility of 6.3×10-5cm-2/Vs at 193 K was more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of typical polysilanes, which inevitably contain disordered structures hindering smooth carrier transport.
CMP has been revealed as an attractive technique to poly Si of trench planalizing process. Major issues of process integration for that purpose have been post-CMP cleaning process. A new post CMP cleaning process which employed special organic surfactant has been reported in this paper. In general, wafers after CMP process are contaminated by particles and metallic impurities in the case of conventional cleaning method. The contamination introduce the defects into the wafers after oxidation. The contamination was removed by new cleaning method. using DI water containing special organic surfactant and silica particles. The experimental work has focused on critical problems that had to be solved, using AFM, EDX and VPDICP/MS.
Silicon-based polymers with σconjugated electrons have specific properties; photoreactivity for microlithography and photoconductivity for hole transport materials. To explore the possibility of combining these two properties to develop photoresists with electronic transport capability, photoconductivity of polysilanes is investigated in connection with their photoinduced chemical modification. Increase in photocurrent is observed accompanying photoreaction of poly(dimethylsilane) vacuum deposited films. This increase is found to be greatly enhanced in oxygen atmosphere. Such changes of photocurrent can be explained by charge transfer to electron acceptors from Si dangling bonds postulated to be formed during photoreaction.
Processable polymeric nonlinear optical materials can be synthesized by functionalizing a glassy macromolecule with chromophores having large quadratic hyperpolarizabilities, followed by poling in an electric field. In the present case, the functionalization of polystyrene with 4- (4-nitrophenylaza)(N-ethyl)(2-hydroxyethyl))aniline, 4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminostyryl) pyridine, and N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-prolinol is described. Particularly noteworthy is the high level of chromophore units that can be incorporated into transparent films of these materials, the high second harmonic coefficients that can be achieved (as high as d33 – 11 × 10-9 esu at 1064 nm), and the long-term temporal stability of the second harmonic generation capacity.
Recommend this
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this to your organisation's collection.