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Recent changes to US research funding are having far-reaching consequences that imperil the integrity of science and the provision of care to vulnerable populations. Resisting these changes, the BJPsych Portfolio reaffirms its commitment to publishing mental science and advancing psychiatric knowledge that improves the mental health of one and all.
Recent theories suggest that for youth highly sensitive to incentives, perceiving more social threat may contribute to social anxiety (SA) symptoms. In 129 girls (ages 11–13) oversampled for shy/fearful temperament, we thus examined how interactions between neural responses to social reward (vs. neutral) cues (measured during anticipation of peer feedback) and perceived social threat in daily peer interactions (measured using ecological momentary assessment) predict SA symptoms two years later. No significant interactions emerged when neural reward function was modeled as a latent factor. Secondary analyses showed that higher perceived social threat was associated with more severe SA symptoms two years later only for girls with higher basolateral amygdala (BLA) activation to social reward cues at baseline. Interaction effects were specific to BLA activation to social reward (not threat) cues, though a main effect of BLA activation to social threat (vs. neutral) cues on SA emerged. Unexpectedly, interactions between social threat and BLA activation to social reward cues also predicted generalized anxiety and depression symptoms two years later, suggesting possible transdiagnostic risk pathways. Perceiving high social threat may be particularly detrimental for youth highly sensitive to reward incentives, potentially due to mediating reward learning processes, though this remains to be tested.
Clay minerals are abundant in soils and sediments and often contain Fe. Some varieties, such as nontronites, contain as much as 40 wt.% Fe2O3 within their molecular structure. Several studies have shown that various Fe-reducing micro-organisms can use ferric iron in Fe-bearing clay minerals as their terminal electron acceptor, thereby reducing it to ferrous iron. Laboratory experiments have also demonstrated that chemically or bacterially reduced clays can promote the reductive degradation of various organics, including chlorinated pesticides and nitroaromatics. Therefore, Fe-bearing clays may play a crucial role in the natural attenuation of various redox-sensitive contaminants in soils and sediments. Although the organochlorinated pesticide p,p′-DDT is one of the most abundant and recalcitrant sources of contamination in many parts of the world, the impact of reduced Fe-bearing clays on its degradation has never been documented. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the extent of degradation of p,p′-DDT during the bacterial reduction of Fe(III) in an Fe-rich clay. Microcosm experiments were conducted under anaerobic conditions using nontronite (sample NAu-2) spiked with p,p′-DDT and the metal-reducing bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Similar experiments were conducted using a sand sample to better ascertain the true impact of the clay vs. the bacteria on the degradation of DDT. Samples were analyzed for DDT and degradation products after 0, 3, and 6 weeks of incubation at 30°C. Results revealed a progressive decrease in p,p′-DDT and increase in p,p′-DDD concentrations in the clay experiments compared to sand and abiotic controls, indicating that Fe-bearing clays may substantially contribute toward the reductive degradation of DDT in soils and sediments. These new findings further demonstrate the impact that clay materials can have on the natural attenuation of pollutants in natural and artificial systems and open new avenues for the passive treatment of contaminated land.
Based on the best-selling Stahl's Prescriber's Guide, this essential guide to psychiatric prescribing has been developed by leading psychiatrists and medical students from the University of Cambridge to support all mental health professionals in achieving optimal care for their patients. Written with the authority of evidence and the guidance of clinical wisdom the formulary covers the psychotropic medications used in daily care including dosing recommendations and drug interactions. With its easy-to-use, full-colour template-driven navigation system, the book combines evidence-based data with clinically informed advice, including guidance on prescribing for children and adolescents and people with addictions. Drugs are presented in the same format to facilitate rapid access to information and are broken down into sections designated by a unique colour background thereby clearly distinguishing information presented on therapeutics, side effects, dosing and use, and the art of psychopharmacology. Popular prescribing 'tips and pearls are included throughout.
Self-concept becomes reliant on social comparison, potentially leading to excessive self-focused attention, persistently negative self-concept and increased risk for depression during early adolescence. Studies have implicated neural activation in cortical midline brain structures in self-related information processing, yet it remains unclear how this activation may underlie subjective self-concept and links to depression in adolescence. We examined these associations by assessing neural activity during negative vs. positive self-referential processing in 39 11-to-13-year-old girls. During a functional neuroimaging task, girls reported on their perceptions of self-concept by rating how true they believed positive and negative personality traits were about them. Girls reported on depressive symptoms at the scan and 6 months later. Activation in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortexes (dMPFC; VLPFC), and visual association area was significantly associated with subjective self-concept and/or depressive symptoms at the scan or 6 months later. Exploratory models showed higher activation in the dMPFC to Self-negative > Self-positive was indirectly associated with concurrent depressive symptoms through more negative self-concept. Higher activation in the visual association area to Self-positive > Self-negative was associated with lower depressive symptoms at follow-up through more positive self-concept. Findings highlight how differential neural processing of negative versus positive self-relevant information maps onto perceptions of self-concept and adolescent depression.
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Edited by
Sepehr Hafizi, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,Peter B. Jones, University of Cambridge,Stephen M. Stahl, University of California, San Diego
Edited in association with
Veronika Dobler, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Liliana Galindo, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust and University of Cambridge,George Griffiths, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Neil Hunt, University of Cambridge,Mohammad Malkera, University of Cambridge,Asha Praseedom, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Pranathi Ramachandra, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust,Judy Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge,Shamim Ruhi, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust