Identifying the value orientations of subjects participating in market or non-market decisions by having them participate in a ring game may be helpful in understanding the behaviour of these subjects. This experiment presents the results of changes in the centre and the radius of a value orientations ring in an attempt to discover if the measured value orientations exhibit income or displacement effects. Neither significant income effects nor displacement effects are identified. An external validity check with a voluntary contribution game provides evidence that value orientations from rings centred around the origin of the decision-space explain significant portions of voluntary contributions while value orientations from displaced rings do not.

Studies of agreement commonly occur in psychiatric research. For example, researchers are often interested in the agreement among radiologists in their review of brain scans of elderly patients with dementia or in the agreement among multiple informant reports of psychopathology in children. In this paper, we consider the agreement between two raters when rating a dichotomous outcome (e.g., presence or absence of psychopathology). In particular, we consider logistic regression models that allow agreement to depend on both rater- and subject-level covariates. Logistic regression has been proposed as a simple method for identifying covariates that are predictive of agreement (Coughlin et al., 1992). However, this approach is problematic since it does not take account of agreement due to chance alone. As a result, a spurious association between the probability (or odds) of agreement and a covariate could arise due entirely to chance agreement. That is, if the prevalence of the dichotomous outcome varies among subgroups of the population, then covariates that identify the subgroups may appear to be predictive of agreement. In this paper we propose a modification to the standard logistic regression model in order to take proper account of chance agreement. An attractive feature of the proposed method is that it can be easily implemented using existing statistical software for logistic regression. The proposed method is motivated by data from the Connecticut Child Study (Zahner et al., 1992) on the agreement among parent and teacher reports of psychopathology in children. In this study, parents and teachers provide dichotomous assessments of a child's psychopathology and it is of interest to examine whether agreement among the parent and teacher reports is related to the age and gender of the child and to the time elapsed between parent and teacher assessments of the child.

Way to Play is an approach that supports adults to promote the engagement of young children with autism spectrum disorder through play. The Ministry of Education in New Zealand has collaborated with Autism New Zealand to ensure the sustainable delivery of Way to Play within Auckland’s early learning services by training early intervention staff to both use Way to Play and to coach and support other adults in its use. Key strategies that form the foundation of Way to Play are described, and an outline of the evidence base for these strategies is provided. Preliminary data demonstrate the effectiveness of the training approach and the perceived impact for young children with autism and their parents/carers and teachers. Case examples illustrate how Way to Play is used across home and educational settings to successfully support the engagement and inclusion of young children with autism. Suggestions are made for a comprehensive investigation of program effectiveness.

The calibration pipeline of the level zero images obtained from the Magneto-Optical filters at Two Heights (MOTH II) instrument is presented. MOTH II consists of two 20 cm aperture instruments, each using a Magneto-Optical Filter (MOF): one at 5896 Å (Na D2-line), the other one at 7700 Å (K I-line). MOTH II instruments thus provide full disk line-of-sight Doppler velocity and magnetic field measurements at two heights in the solar atmosphere. The developed MOTH II pipeline employs a set of standard calibration corrections, a correction for signal leakage, due to the non-ideal behavior of the polarizers, and the geometrical registration between the eight images acquired by four CMOS cameras, relative to two components of the signal in two circular polarization states, in each of the two channels. MOTH II data are used to investigate atmospheric dynamics (e.g., internal gravity waves and magneto-acoustic portals) and Space Weather phenomena. Particularly, flare forecasting algorithms, based on the detection of magnetic active regions (ARs) and associated flare probability estimation, are currently under development. The possible matching of MOTH II data with SDO/HMI and SDO/AIA images into a flux rope model, developed in collaboration between Harvard-Smithsonian CfA and MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Science, is being tested.

The appearance of the distinctive ‘Beaker package’ marks an important horizon in British prehistory, but was it associated with immigrants to Britain or with indigenous converts? Analysis of the skeletal remains of 264 individuals from the British Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age is revealing new information about the diet, migration and mobility of those buried with Beaker pottery and related material. Results indicate a considerable degree of mobility between childhood and death, but mostly within Britain rather than from Europe. Both migration and emulation appear to have had an important role in the adoption and spread of the Beaker package.

Stonehenge is the icon of British prehistory, and continues to inspire ingenious investigations and interpretations. A current campaign of research, being waged by probably the strongest archaeological team ever assembled, is focused not just on the monument, but on its landscape, its hinterland and the monuments within it. The campaign is still in progress, but the story so far is well worth reporting. Revisiting records of 100 years ago the authors demonstrate that the ambiguous dating of the trilithons, the grand centrepiece of Stonehenge, was based on samples taken from the wrong context, and can now be settled at 2600-2400 cal BC. This means that the trilithons are contemporary with Durrington Walls, near neighbour and Britain's largest henge monument. These two monuments, different but complementary, now predate the earliest Beaker burials in Britain – including the famous Amesbury Archer and Boscombe Bowmen, but may already have been receiving Beaker pottery. All this contributes to a new vision of massive monumental development in a period of high European intellectual mobility….

An evaluation of the views of primary health care team members participating in an intervention programme of a Resource for Education, Audit and Teamworking (CREATE) is presented. The pilot CREATE programme comprised of a series of nine educational and team building workshops delivered in protected time to all clinical and administrative staff in seven general practices in one Health Board locality, within a 12-month period. The content of the programme was developed in response to an educational needs assessment undertaken by the CREATE steering group. The purpose of the evaluation study was to identify if the CREATE programme altered participants’ views of teamwork, education and audit, and to ascertain the suitability of the CREATE programme for more extensive implementation in Scotland.

The evaluation study utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative survey methods. Quantitative questionnaires devised specifically as evaluation tools for the project were manually distributed and collected at the first and last CREATE workshops to all participants present on each occasion. Following the first and last CREATE workshop, key informants from each practice subsequently participated in qualitative, indepth interviews.

The combined results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal that the CREATE project is highly valued by the majority of primary health care team members who participated in the programme, particularly clinical staff but to lesser extent administrative staff. The findings indicate that a relatively simple but inclusive programme delivering appropriate education to primary care teams within protected time is able to overcome barriers to teamwork and has led to staff developing improved quality of health care services. Areas where teamwork and quality improvement were perceived as developing most significantly included: developing objectives, meeting as a practice and communication so people were more involved in discussions and decision-making. As a result of the findings from the pilot, the key elements of CREATE are being replicated elsewhere in Scotland.

The study assessed the independent and combined effect of two speciality carbohydrates (polydextrose and xylitol) on appetite. Eight female and seven male lean volunteers were recruited from the University of Leeds campus. Using a repeated measures design, volunteers completed four conditions in a counterbalanced order. Each condition varied according to the yoghurt formulation administered: a control yoghurt (C, yoghurt+25 g sucrose) and three experimental yoghurts (X, yoghurt+25 g xylitol; P, yoghurt+25 g polydextrose; and XP, yoghurt+12·5 g xylitol and 12·5 g polydextrose). Each condition lasted for 10 d during which volunteers consumed 200 g yoghurt on each day. On days 1 and 10, the short- and medium-term effects of yoghurt consumption were assessed by measuring ad libitum lunch intake and subjective motivation to eat. The three experimental yoghurts (X, P and XP) induced a slight suppression of energy intake compared with the control (C) yoghurt, but the differences were not statistically significant. However, when the energy content of the yoghurt pre-loads were accounted for, there was a significant suppression of energy intake for P compared with C (P=0·002). The XP yoghurt induced a significantly stronger satiating effect (increase in subjective fullness) compared with C, both with (P=0·003) and without (P<0·001) the differential in energy content of the yoghurt pre-loads accounted for. The study demonstrated that pre-loads of xylitol and polydextrose caused a mild increase in satiety and suppression of energy intake, and that the effects persist after repeated daily administration. The effects exerted by the formulations containing xylitol and polydextrose did not arise from the differences in energy content of the yoghurt per se. Therefore, the usefulness of xylitol and polydextrose as ingredients in functional foods for appetite control are as a result of their lower energy content and suppression of appetite.