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3 results

  • The efficacy of initial hydrocortisone administration at preventing posttraumatic distress in adult trauma patients: a randomized trial

  • Douglas L. Delahanty, Crystal Gabert-Quillen, Sarah A. Ostrowski, Nicole R. Nugent, Beth Fischer, Adam Morris, Roger K. Pitman, John Bon, William Fallon, Jr.
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 18 / Issue 2 / April 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 April 2013, pp. 103-111
  • Objective/Introduction

    Secondary pharmacological interventions have shown promise at reducing the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) in preclinical studies. The present study examined the preliminary efficacy of a 10-day low-dose (20 mg bid) course of hydrocortisone at preventing PTSS in traumatic injury victims.

    Methods

    Sixty-four traumatic injury patients (34% female) were randomly assigned in a double-blind protocol to receive either a 10-day course of hydrocortisone or placebo initiated within 12 hours of the trauma. One-month and 3-months posttrauma participants completed an interview to assess PTSS and self-report measures of depression and health-related quality of life.

    Results

    Hydrocortisone recipients reported fewer PTSD and depression symptoms, and had greater improvements in health-related quality of life during the first 3 months posttrauma than did placebo recipients. Hydrocortisone recipients who had never received prior mental health treatment had the lowest PTSD scores.

    Conclusion

    Low-dose hydrocortisone may be a promising approach to the prevention of PTSD in acutely injured trauma patients, and may be particularly efficacious in acutely injured trauma victims without a history of significant psychopathology.

  • 13 - Current status of research in the genetics of anxiety disorders

  • from Section 3 - Understanding the causes of anxiety
  • Edited by Helen Blair Simpson, Columbia University, New York, Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Columbia University, New York, Franklin Schneier, Columbia University, New York
  • Book:
    Anxiety Disorders
    Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    26 August 2010, pp 139-155

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the evidence for the role of genetic factors in the etiology of anxiety disorders, and summarizes the genetic study designs used in research on anxiety disorders. Molecular genetic study designs used to investigate the genetics of anxiety disorders include linkage analysis and candidate gene association studies. Twin studies support a heritability estimate between 30% and 40%. More recently, regulators of G-protein signaling have been investigated regarding anxiety-related phenotypes including panic disorder. Family studies suggest that risk of social anxiety disorder (SAD) to first-degree relatives of SAD probands ranges from 16% to 26%. Investigations of panic disorder, specific phobias, SAD, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have produced some evidence of linkage to specific regions. Two exciting yet mostly unexplored areas in anxiety disorder research are gene-environment interaction and epigenetic studies. Epigenetic research examines the dynamic heritable changes in the function of a gene.