Waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDO) of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) are a public health concern in France. Their occurrence is probably underestimated due to the lack of a specific surveillance system. The French health insurance database provides an interesting opportunity to improve the detection of these events. A specific algorithm to identify AGI cases from drug payment reimbursement data in the health insurance database has been previously developed. The purpose of our comparative study was to retrospectively assess the ability of the health insurance data to describe WBDO. Data from the health insurance database was compared with the data from cohort studies conducted in two WBDO in 2010 and 2012. The temporal distribution of cases, the day of the peak and the duration of the epidemic, as measured using the health insurance data, were similar to the data from one of the two cohort studies. However, health insurance data accounted for 54 cases compared to the estimated 252 cases accounted for in the cohort study. The accuracy of using health insurance data to describe WBDO depends on the medical consultation rate in the impacted population. As this is never the case, data analysis underestimates the total number of AGI cases. However this data source can be considered for the development of a detection system of a WBDO in France, given its ability to describe an epidemic signal.

ArTeMiS is a bolometer camera that will be installed at the APEX submillimeter telescope in Chile in 2010. This instrument will be a powerful tool for scientists with its three focal planes that will operate simultaneously in background limited conditions at 200, 350 and 450 microns (5760 pixels in total). A prototype called p-ArTeMiS has been tested at APEX in 2007 and thanks to its good performances, the team has been able to conduct scientific projects in star formation and on debris disks. This paper summarises the details of the ArTeMiS project, with a description of the detectors, the optics, the cryogenics and the electronics. We will also present the undergoing studies at CEA on detectors for the future submillimeter space missions.

Astronomical observations at sub-millimetre wavelengths are limited either by the angular resolution of the telescope or by the sensitivity and field of view of the detector array. New generation of radio telescopes, such as the APEX 12-m telescope on Chajnantor plateau in Chile, can overcome these limitations if they are equipped with large detector arrays made of thousands of sensitive bolometer pixels. Instrumentation developments undertaken at CEA and based on the all silicon technology of CEA/Leti are able to provide such large detector arrays. The ArTeMiS project at CEA Saclay, in partnership with IAS, IAP and CRTBT, consists in developing a 4000-pixel bolometer camera for ground-based telescopes that operates in atmospheric windows at 200–450 μm (Talvard et al. 2006, SPIE, 6275).

We present a new method based on mid-IR (5 — 16 µm) emissionfor classifying the origin of the mid-IR activity in galaxies. Ourmethod was devefoped using a set of 33 ISOCAM spectra of extragalacticsources which exhibit diverse mid-IR spectral features. Detailedanalysis of our sample enables us to identify the general properties ofmid-IR emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), starbursts, andquiescent star forming regions. The benefits of this mid-IR classificationfor identifying obscured or faint AGNs and for estimating the starformation intensity in star-forming regions are investigated.