The Dunning-Krueger effect is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to overestimate their abilities in areas where they are less competent. The Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) is a 30-item confrontation naming task. Hardy and Wright (2018) conditionally validated a measure of perceived mental workload called the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Researchers reported that workload ratings on the NASA-TLX increased with increased task demands on a cognitive task. Anxiety is known as an emotion that can make an individual more susceptible to develop a mental health condition. We examine if the Dunning-Krueger effect occurs in a Mexican population with and without current symptoms of anxiety and possible factors driving individuals to overestimate their abilities on the CNT. We predicted the abnormal symptoms of anxiety (ASA) group would report better CNT performance, report higher perceived workloads on the CNT, and underperform on the CNT compared to the normal symptoms of anxiety (NSA) group. We also predicted the low-performance group would report better CNT performance, report higher perceived workloads on the CNT, and underperform on the CNT compared to the high-performance group.

The sample consisted of 192 Mexican participants with NSA (79 low-performance & 113 high-performance) and 74 Mexican participants with ASA (44 low-performance & 30 high-performance). Participants completed the CNT, NASA-TLX, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in Spanish. The NASA-TLX was used to evaluate perceived workloads after the completion of the CNT. Meanwhile, the HADS was used to create our anxiety groups. Finally, CNT raw scores were converted into T-scores, which then were averaged to create the following two groups: low-performance (CNT T-Score <50) and high-performance (CNT T-Score 50+). A series of 2x2 ANCOVAs, controlling for gender were used to evaluate CNT performance and perceived workloads.

We found a significant interaction where the low-performance ASA and the high-performance NSA groups demonstrated better CNT performance and reported higher perceived workloads (i.e., performance, temporal demand) on the CNT compared to their respective counterparts (i.e., low-performance NSA & high-performance ASA groups), p's<.05, ηp's2=.02. We found a main effect where the high-performance group outperformed the low-performance group on the CNT and reported lower perceived workloads on the CNT, p's<.05, ηp's2 =.04-.46.

The Dunning-Krueger effect did not occur in our sample. Participants that demonstrated better CNT performance also reported higher perceived workloads regardless of their current symptoms of anxiety. A possible explanation can be our sample's cultural norms of what would be considered as abnormal symptoms of anxiety, is a normal part of life, decreasing the possibilities to experience self-efficacy distoritions. Future studies should investigate whether the Dunning-Kruger effect may be influencing other aspects of cognitive functioning subjectively in Mexicans residing in Mexico and the United States with and without current symptoms of anxiety.

We evaluated the added value of infection control-guided, on demand, and locally performed severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic sequencing to support outbreak investigation and control in acute-care settings.

This 18-month prospective molecular epidemiology study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital in Montreal, Canada. When nosocomial transmission was suspected by local infection control, viral genomic sequencing was performed locally for all putative outbreak cases. Molecular and conventional epidemiology data were correlated on a just-in-time basis to improve understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and reinforce or adapt control measures.

Between April 2020 and October 2021, 6 outbreaks including 59 nosocomial infections (per the epidemiological definition) were investigated. Genomic data supported 7 distinct transmission clusters involving 6 patients and 26 healthcare workers. We identified multiple distinct modes of transmission, which led to reinforcement and adaptation of infection control measures. Molecular epidemiology data also refuted (n = 14) suspected transmission events in favor of community acquired but institutionally clustered cases.

SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing can refute or strengthen transmission hypotheses from conventional nosocomial epidemiological investigations, and guide implementation of setting-specific control strategies. Our study represents a template for prospective, on site, outbreak-focused SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. This approach may become increasingly relevant in a COVID-19 endemic state where systematic sequencing within centralized surveillance programs is not available.

clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05411562

No significant relationships.

Post-traumatic mechanisms are theorised to contribute to voice-hearing in people with psychosis and a history of trauma. Phenomenological links between trauma and voices support this hypothesis, as they suggest post-traumatic processes contribute to the content of, and relationships with, voices. However, research has included small samples and lacked theory-based comprehensive assessments.

In people with distressing voices (n = 73) who experienced trauma prior to voice-hearing, trauma–voice links were assessed both independently and dependently (descriptions were presented and rated separately and together, respectively) by both participants and researchers. A structured coding frame assessed four types of independent links (i.e. victimisation type, physiological-behavioural, emotional, and cognitive response themes including negative self-beliefs) and three types of dependent links: relational (similar interaction with/response to, voice and trauma); content (voice and trauma content are exactly the same); and identity (voice identity is the same as perpetrator).

Independent links were prevalent in participants (51–58%) and low to moderately present in researcher ratings (8–41%) for significant themes. Identification of negative self-beliefs in trauma was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of negative self-beliefs in voices [participants odds ratio (OR) 9.8; researchers OR 4.9]. Participants and researchers also reported many dependent links (80%, 66%, respectively), most frequently relational links (75%, 64%), followed by content (60%, 25%) and identity links (51%, 22%).

Trauma appears to be a strong shaping force for voice content and its psychological impact. The most common trauma–voice links involved the experience of cognitive-affective psychological threat, embodied in relational experiences. Trauma-induced mechanisms may be important intervention targets.

Adolescent diet, physical activity and nutritional status are generally known to be sub-optimal. This is an introduction to a special issue of papers devoted to exploring factors affecting diet and physical activity in adolescents, including food insecure and vulnerable groups.

Eight settings including urban, peri-urban and rural across sites from five different low- and middle-income countries.

Focus groups with adolescents and caregivers carried out by trained researchers.

Our results show that adolescents, even in poor settings, know about healthy diet and lifestyles. They want to have energy, feel happy, look good and live longer, but their desire for autonomy, a need to ‘belong’ in their peer group, plus vulnerability to marketing exploiting their aspirations, leads them to make unhealthy choices. They describe significant gender, culture and context-specific barriers. For example, urban adolescents had easy access to energy dense, unhealthy foods bought outside the home, whereas junk foods were only beginning to permeate rural sites. Among adolescents in Indian sites, pressure to excel in exams meant that academic studies were squeezing out physical activity time.

Interventions to improve adolescents’ diets and physical activity levels must therefore address structural and environmental issues and influences in their homes and schools, since it is clear that their food and activity choices are the product of an interacting complex of factors. In the next phase of work, the Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition consortium will employ groups of adolescents, caregivers and local stakeholders in each site to develop interventions to improve adolescent nutritional status.

Compare results on the TRQ in patients waiting for a kidney transplantation from cadaveric or living donor.

390 patients included in waiting list for kidney transplantation with cadaveric or living donor were assessed with the TRQ. Since the beginning of the study, 170 patients were transplanted, 148 (87%) with cadaveric donor (CD group), and 22 (13%) with living donor (LD group). The principal component analysis has been performed on 390 patients.

The Principal component analysis of the TRQ has shown 2 factors.The factor “Donor” refers to the recipient concerns about the donor (11 items).The factor “Transplant” refers to the negative attitude of the recipient about the transplanted organ (8 items). The LD group was younger and had more social support than the CD group. It had also higher scores on the “donor” factor and similar scores on the “transplant” factor.

As compared to patients waiting for transplantation with cadaveric donor, patients waiting for transplantation with living donor have more concerns about the donor, and similar representations of their future transplant. Our preliminary results should be confirmed in more powerful studies. Further studies will assess prospectively the transplant representations after transplantation.

• – le taux d’adhésion aux rappels téléphonique est important. Un contact téléphonique a été établi dans 85,5 % des cas à j8–j15, 80,9 % des cas à M1 et 72,4 % des cas à j8–j15 et à M1 ;

• – le taux de récidive suicidaire à un an ne diffère significativement pas entre G1 et G2 : 14,5 % vs 14,0 % (analyse en « intention de traiter »), 14,5 % vs 11,5 % (analyse « per protocole ») ;

• – l’initiation d’un suivi ambulatoire (ISA), au plus tard dans le mois suivant le mois de la TS, ne diffère également pas entre les deux groupes : 31,0 % (G1) vs 24,2 % (G2) ;

• – il existe une forte perte d’information lors du recueil à M12.

  Dans le groupe G2, la prise en compte de l’ensemble des données collectées à j8–j15, M1, M3 et M12, montre un taux de récidive suicidaire de 19,4 % (vs 14,0 % selon les seules données M12), mais aussi un taux d’ISA de 70,6 % (vs 24,2 %).

Ces résultats sont confrontés aux données récentes de la littérature [1]. La discussion porte sur la méthodologie la plus appropriée à l’évaluation des effets de la veille sanitaire et aux moyens de contrôler les effets de l’évaluation sur les variables étudiées.

La dépression du post-partum (DPP) est une pathologie multifactorielle survenant chez 13 à 15 % des femmes dans l’année suivant l’accouchement . Les évènements de vie stressants ont été identifiés comme facteur de risque. Parallèlement, le recours aux traitements pour infertilité ne cesse de croître . Actuellement en France, 1 naissance sur 40 est issue de la procréation médicalement assistée (PMA). Lors de la procédure, le parcours peut être une source de stress chez la femme . Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que le risque de symptômes dépressifs et/ou DPP après aide médicale à la conception pourrait être majoré.

Nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature des études comparant la survenue de symptômes dépressifs dans le post-partum et/ou DPP entre traitement pour infertilité et grossesse spontanée à partir des bases de données Pubmed, ISI Web of Knowledge et PsycINFO jusqu’en décembre 2014. Nous avons ensuite effectué une méta-analyse des données disponibles sur DPP et aide à la conception, et une méta-analyse secondaire se focalisant sur la PMA (logiciel RevMan5).

Notre revue de la littérature, prenant en compte 18 études, ne met pas en évidence de risque majoré de symptômes dépressifs et/ou de DPP après traitement pour infertilité. Notre méta-analyse sur la DPP, prenant en compte 8 études (n = 2451), ne montre pas de différence significative entre aide médicale à la conception et grossesse spontanée (OR = 0,93 [0,67–1,31], z = 0,40, p = 0,69), sans hétérogénéité entre les études. La méta-analyse secondaire concernant les PMA, sur 6 études (n = 1773), ne retrouve également pas d’association (OR = 1,04 [0,71–1,52], z = 0,18, p = 0,86).

Notre étude ne montre pas de risque majoré de DPP après aide médicale à la conception. D’autres études sont nécessaires afin de mieux connaître les spécificités des DPP après traitement pour infertilité (selon la technique utilisée, l’origine ou la nature de l’infertilité).

In the United Kingdom, compliance with guidelines on physical health monitoring of patients prescribed clozapine is poor. Our community team established a ‘clozapine clinic’, led by junior doctors, to monitor the physical health of this population.

The aims of this audit were:

– to ascertain levels of compliance with guidelines on the physical health monitoring of patients taking clozapine;

– to compare the current level of compliance with that prior to the establishment of the clinic.

Eleven standards were drawn from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines and the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry.

Three audit cycles were conducted: two prior to the establishment of the clinic and one after. In each cycle, searches of patient records were conducted and blood results were reviewed. This was supplemented by telephone calls to general practitioners to ensure a complete data set.

Analysis was conducted in Microsoft Excel™ and changes between the cycles were analysed using a two-tailed Z-score.

Each audit cycle included 28–30 patients. In the current cycle compliance levels varied between 66% (annual ECG recording) and 100% (monthly full blood count). The average compliance level was 73% across all standards. This represents an overall improvement on previous audit cycles. Since the clinic was established there has been a statistically significant improvement in compliance with annual monitoring of weight (P = 0.147), body mass index (P = 0.0178), and ECG monitoring (P = 0.0244).

Improvements in the care of a vulnerable population may be achieved through setting clear standards, regular audit, and harnessing the leadership and enthusiasm of junior doctors.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.