56 results
The role of primary health care in long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in 30 European countries: a retrospective descriptive study (Eurodata study)
- Marina Guisado-Clavero, Sara Ares-Blanco, Alice Serafini, Lourdes Ramos Del Rio, Ileana Gefaell Larrondo, Louise Fitzgerald, Shlomo Vinker, Gijs van Pottebergh, Kirsi Valtonen, Bert Vaes, Canan Tuz Yilmaz, Péter Torzsa, Paula Tilli, Theresa Sentker, Bohumil Seifert, Natalija Saurek-Aleksandrovska, Martin Sattler, Goranka Petricek, Ferdinando Petrazzuoli, Davorina Petek, Ábel Perjés, Naldy Parodi López, Ana Luisa Neves, Liubovė Murauskienė, Heidrun Lingner, Katarzyna Nessler, Bruno Heleno, Anna Krztoń-Królewiecka, Milena Kostić, Büsra Çimen Korkmaz, Snežana Knežević, Aleksandar Kirkovski, Vasilis Trifon Karathanos, Marijana Jandrić-Kočić, Shushman Ivanna, Оксана Ільков, Kathryn Hoffmann, Miroslav Hanževački, Mila Gómez-Johansson, Dragan Gjorgjievski, Philippe-Richard J. Domeyer, Maryher Delphin Peña, Asja Ćosić Divjak, Iliana-Carmen Busneag, Elena Brutskaya-Stempkovskaya, Sabine Bayen, Maria Bakola, Limor Adler, Radost Assenova, María Pilar Astier-Peña, Raquel Gómez Bravo
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- Journal:
- Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 24 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 October 2023, e60
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Background and aim:
Primary health care (PHC) supported long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in attending COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study is to describe the role of PHC in LTCFs in Europe during the early phase of the pandemic.
Methods:Retrospective descriptive study from 30 European countries using data from September 2020 collected with an ad hoc semi-structured questionnaire. Related variables are SARS-CoV-2 testing, contact tracing, follow-up, additional testing, and patient care.
Results:Twenty-six out of the 30 European countries had PHC involvement in LTCFs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PHC participated in initial medical care in 22 countries, while, in 15, PHC was responsible for SARS-CoV-2 test along with other institutions. Supervision of individuals in isolation was carried out mostly by LTCF staff, but physical examination or symptom’s follow-up was performed mainly by PHC.
Conclusion:PHC has participated in COVID-19 pandemic assistance in LTCFs in coordination with LTCF staff, public health officers, and hospitals.
Psychodynamic Psychiatry Education and Training for Trainee Psychiatrists
- James FitzGerald, Lorna Bo, Fraser Arends, Pamela Peters
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- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, p. S21
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Aims
Psychodynamic psychiatry training seminars are a blended supervision and experiential style approach to training health care professionals in reflective practice and formulation. They apply psychodynamic theory through case formulations, seminars, and Balint groups so that health care staff can improve their communication style, formulation skills and enhance their appreciation for patients with complex mental health problems. Our aim is to evaluate the provision of our psychodynamic psychiatry training sessions for psychiatry trainees in the Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, and to evaluate the perceived benefits of attending in terms of personal and professional development.
MethodsThe evaluation used a standardized mixed-methods approach, with the sample consisting of psychiatry core trainees as part of the regional MRCPsych course. Sessions were delivered via an online format. The evaluation period was between November 2021 and January 2023. Data were gathered via a survey tool, adapted from the literature using Likert scales and free text questions to identify barriers and facilitators to the sessions.
ResultsThe survey collated data from thirty-seven core trainees ranging between CT1 to CT3. The majority of participants (> 90%) scored the sessions positively across the board in terms of the content of session material, length of training, and quality of delivery. The majority of attendees felt the sessions focused on the relevant clinical issues (97%), were relevant to their training (95%), and felt the group was a safe place to express and process anxieties and frustrations about their work (89%). Notably, the majority either agreed or strongly agreed the group had changed the way they think and practice (91%), including an appreciation of the emotional and symbolic aspects of patients' presentations (89%).
ConclusionThis evaluation reports early findings on psychodynamic psychiatry teaching for psychiatry trainees. Overall, the participants felt the sessions were relevant to their training and improved their personal and professional development. Key benefits of the sessions included increased insight into the emotional and symbolic aspects of the patient's symptoms and clinical issues, team working through cohesion, and the humanity of the doctor in the clinical relationship with the patient. This suggests that the sessions provide a much-needed space to process and reflect on the often-intense demands of clinical work and training. The main theme within barriers to the group processes was external in terms of other clinical demands requiring prioritization.
Psychodynamic Psychiatry Education and Training for Health Care Staff in the Acute Hospital Setting
- Lorna Bo, James FitzGerald, Fraser Arends, Pamela Peters
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- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, p. S21
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Aims
Psychodynamic psychiatry training seminars are a blended supervision and experiential style approach to training health care professionals in reflective practice and formulation. They apply psychodynamic theory through case formulations, seminars, and Balint groups so that healthcare staff can improve their communication style, formulation skills and enhance their appreciation for patients with complex mental health problems. Our aim is to evaluate the provision of our psychodynamic psychiatry training sessions for healthcare staff in the Cambridge University Hospitals (CUH) NHS Foundation Trust, and to evaluate the perceived benefits of attending in terms of personal and professional development.
MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit CUH doctors, nurses, and healthcare assistants at all stages of training as part of their in-house teaching schedule. Sessions were delivered via an online format or in person. The evaluation period was between October 2021 and July 2022. Data were gathered via a survey tool, adapted from the literature using Likert scales and free text questions to identify barriers and facilitators to the sessions
ResultsThirty-three participants responded to our survey, with the sample consisting of gastroenterology (n = 4), acute medicine (n = 6), and emergency medicine doctors (n = 10). The sample also included emergency department nurses (n = 8) and health care assistants (n = 5). included. Most respondents (>90%) described the experience of the sessions including the material covered as ‘Positive’ or ‘Very Positive’. All participants felt they were able to express themselves in the session and the majority (>97%) felt that the sessions were relevant to their training needs and focused on the right issues. Notably, most participants (>88%) felt the sessions enhanced their ability to recognise the importance of the therapeutic relationship, the emotional significance of symptoms as well as the impact of group dynamics on patient's presentations.
ConclusionOur findings suggest that these psychodynamic psychiatry training seminars provide an effective, safe, non-judgemental space for experimentation and interdisciplinary discussion to support healthcare staff management of complex patients. Our results support the expansion of this low-cost, high-value intervention for both the well-being and professional development of healthcare staff.
A Mixed-Methods SWOT Analysis of a Medical Student Balint Group Programme
- Robyn McCarron, James FitzGerald, Peter Swann, Sharon Yang, Sally Wraight, Fraser Arends
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- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, pp. S20-S21
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Aims
Balint groups explore the clinician-patient relationship, with benefits for empathy, resilience, and interpersonal skills. Their use with medical students is increasing, but more research is needed to understand how their benefit, feasibility and accessibility can be optimised. We aimed to explore this over a one-year pilot of a medical student Balint group programme.
MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used. Eight medical student Balint groups ran for six weeks during 2022–2023, with 90 students participating. Students completed quantitative and qualitative feedback at the end of each cohort. Themes were identified using qualitative content analysis. Balint group leaders kept reflective session notes and used these alongside student feedback to undertake a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis of the programme.
ResultsStudents reported a neutral to slightly positive experience of the groups. Strengths were coded as containment, learning, and community identity. Students identified weaknesses due to pace, facilitation, and anxiety. Threats to the future success of the Balint group programme were related to engagement and the group being perceived as inauspicious and intimidating. Potential opportunities to develop the Balint group programme included widening participation and sharpening focus. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats identified by the group leaders were in line with those of the students, but also acknowledged the broad range of ethico-legal material discussed by students, timetabling and organisational challenges. A range of opportunities were identified for how the Balint group programme could optimally enrich the clinical curriculum.
ConclusionIntegrating successful Balint groups into the medical school curriculum is challenging on individual and organisational levels. However, students perceive value in these groups, and they provide a unique space to combine learning and emotional support with personal, professional and community development. Ongoing consideration is needed to optimally and sustainably incorporate Balint groups within the undergraduate medical curriculum.
How do we engineer trustworthy digital twins?
- Peter Gorm Larsen, John Fitzgerald, Jim Woodcock
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- Research Directions: Cyber-Physical Systems / Volume 1 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2023, e3
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There has been a rapid rise of interest in the potential of digital twins to transform a vast range of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) applications, from national infrastructure to surgical robots. But what frameworks, methods and tools are needed to create and maintain digital twins on which we can depend?
Opportunistic Mental Health Screening: Is there a Role Following a Disaster? Lessons from the 2010-2011 Queensland (Australia) Floods and Cyclones
- David Crompton, Peter Kohleis, Jane Shakespeare-Finch, Gerard FitzGerald, Ross Young
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 38 / Issue 2 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 January 2023, pp. 223-231
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- April 2023
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Background:
Following the 2010-2011 floods and cyclones that affected 78% of Queensland, Australia, a State-wide mental health response was established. The response plan included a 24-hour access line. This study examines the effectiveness of the mental health screening program conducted via the State-wide health call center (13HEALTH) in 2012.
Methods:Callers to the 13HEALTH line were screened to assess the impact of the disaster. The 13HEALTH clinicians administered the Primary Care-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (PC-PTSD) screening measure. Those scoring more than two on the PC-PTSD Scale were provided information on the emotional impact of disasters and a referral to the post-disaster specialist mental health program (SMHP). For calls related to those under 18, a single-item question assessed behavioral or emotional changes since the natural disasters. Those with identified changes were offered a referral to a post-disaster SMHP.
The study evaluates the relationship between disaster exposure and the likelihood of 13HEALTH callers experiencing physical health concerns and unacknowledged mental health symptoms. The program’s cost for the 12 months of 2012 was assessed using data from the financial contract.
Results:In 2012, there were 205,064 calls to 13HEALTH: 19,708 identified as residing in a flood or cyclone-affected area, 7,315 adults indicated they were personally affected, and 907 scored more than two on the PC-PTSD Scale. Only 700 agreed to a referral to the SMHP. There were 290 children under 18 assessed as at risk; 207 accepted a referral to a SMHP.
Regions that experienced a greater impact from the floods and cyclones were 1.3-2.3 times more likely to report being personally affected by the floods and cyclones. Similarly, these regions had more callers scoring more than two on the PC-PTSD Scale. The total cost of the 13HEALTH program for 2012 was $53,284 (AU) across all age groups.
Conclusion:The 13HEALTH general health post-disaster screening program demonstrates opportunistic screening may assist identification of those with unmet mental health needs. The data indicate an increased likelihood of personal exposure in the more affected regions with an increased risk of unrecognized psychological symptoms as assessed by the PC-PTSD Scale. However, more than 20% declined referral to a SMHP.
Mental Health Response to Disasters: Is There a Role for a Primary Care-Based Clinician?
- David Crompton, Jane Shakespeare-Finch, Gerard FitzGerald, Peter Kohleis, Ross Young
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 37 / Issue 5 / October 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 September 2022, pp. 706-711
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- October 2022
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Introduction:
Following natural disasters, rural general practitioners (GPs) are expected to undertake several roles, including identifying those experiencing psychological distress and providing evidence-informed mental health care. This paper reports on a collaborative mental health program developed to support a rural GP practice (population <1,500) and a disaster response service.
Methods:The program provided specialized disaster mental health care via the placement of a clinician in the GP facility. In collaboration with the GP practice, the program offered opportunistic screening using the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale (PC-PTSD) for probable PTSD as the primary measure and the Kessler 6 (K6) as a secondary measure. Those scoring higher than two on the PC-PTSD scale were referred to the mental health clinician (MHC) for further assessment and treatment.
Results:Sixty screening assessments were completed. Fourteen patients (male = 3; female = 11) scored higher than two on the PC-PTSD. The referred group PC-PTSD mean score was 3.14 and K6 mean score of 19. Those not referred had a PC-PTSD mean score = 0.72 and K6 mean score = 7.30. The treatment and non-treatment groups differed significantly (PC-PTSD: P <.00001 and K6: P <.00001). A prior history of trauma exposure was notable in the intervention group. Eight reported a history of domestic violence, seven histories of sexual abuse, five childhood sexual abuse, and eight intimate partner violence (IPV).
Conclusion:A post-disaster integrated GP and mental health program in a rural community can assist in identifying individuals experiencing post-disaster psychological distress using opportunistic psychological screening. The findings indicate that collaborative mental health programs may effectively support rural communities post-disaster.
Psychodynamic Psychiatry Education and Training for Doctors
- James FitzGerald, Fraser Arends, Pamela Peters, David Christmas
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 8 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 June 2022, pp. S22-S23
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Background and Aim: Psychodynamic psychiatry training seminars are a blended supervision and experiential style approach to training health care professionals in reflective practice and formulation. They apply psychodynamic theory through case formulations, seminars, and Balint groups so that health care staff can improve their communication style, formulation skills and enhance their appreciation for patients with complex mental health problems. Our aim is to evaluate the provision of our psychodynamic psychiatry training sessions for doctors in psychiatry, gastroenterology, and emergency medicine, and to evaluate the perceived benefits of attending in terms of personal and professional development.
MethodsMethods: The evaluation used a standardized mixed-methods approach, with the sample consisting of psychiatry core trainees (n = 9), gastroenterology higher trainees (n = 4), and emergency medicine doctors (n = 10). The evaluation period was between October 2021 and January 2022. Data were gathered via a survey tool, adapted from the literature using Likert scales and free text questions to identify barriers and facilitators to the sessions.
ResultsResults: All participants (n = 23) scored the group highly across the board in terms of acceptability, clinical impact, and fidelity measures. All participants reported that they have a better appreciation of group dynamics, the impact of the doctor's humanity and personality on their clinical work, and the symbolic meaning of the patient's symptoms. Notably, approximately 60% reported that the sessions were relevant to their ongoing training needs and that 95% of participants felt the sessions were a safe place to express and process anxieties and frustrations about their work. All participants either agreed or strongly agreed the group had changed the way they think and practice, and that they felt able to consider their clinical encounters in a new light.
ConclusionConclusion: This evaluation reports early findings on psychodynamic psychiatry teaching for different medical groups. Overall, the participants felt the sessions were relevant to their training and improved their personal and professional development. Key benefits of the group were highlighted and included increased insight into the emotional and symbolic aspects of the patient's symptoms and clinical issues, team working through cohesion, and the humanity of the doctor in the clinical relationship with the patient. This suggests that the sessions provide a much-needed space to process and reflect on the often-intense demands of clinical work, individually and as a team. The main theme within barriers to the group processes was external in terms of other clinical demands requiring prioritization.
General Practitioners’ Roles in Disaster Health Management: Perspectives of Disaster Managers
- Penelope L. Burns, Gerard J. FitzGerald, Wendy C. Hu, Peter Aitken, Kirsty A. Douglas
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 37 / Issue 1 / February 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 December 2021, pp. 124-131
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- February 2022
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Introduction:
General Practitioners (GPs) are inevitably involved when disaster strikes their communities. Evidence of health care needs in disasters increasingly suggests benefits from greater involvement of GPs, and recent research has clarified key roles. Despite this, GPs continue to be disconnected from disaster health management (DHM) in most countries.
Study Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of disaster management professionals in two countries, across a range of all-hazard disasters, regarding the roles and contributions of GPs to DHM, and to identify barriers to, and benefits of, more active engagement of GPs in disaster health care systems.
Methods:A qualitative research methodology using semi-structured interviews was conducted with a purposive sample of Disaster Managers (DMs) to explore their perspectives arising from experiences and observations of GPs during disasters from 2009 through 2016 in Australia or New Zealand. These involved all-hazard disasters including natural, man-made, and pandemic disasters. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results:These findings document support from DM participants for greater integration of GPs into DHM with New Zealand DMs reporting GPs as already a valuable integrated contributor. In contrast, Australian DMs reported barriers to inclusion that needed to be addressed before sustained integration could occur. The two most strongly expressed barriers were universally expressed by Australian DMs: (1) limited understanding of the work GPs undertake, restricting DMs’ ability to facilitate GP integration; and (2) DMs’ difficulty engaging with GPs as a single group. Other considerations included GPs’ limited DHM knowledge, limited preparedness, and their heightened vulnerability.
Strategies identified to facilitate greater integration of GPs into DHM where it is lacking, such as Australia, included enhanced communication, awareness, and understanding between GPs and DMs.
Conclusion:Experience from New Zealand shows systematic, sustained integration of GPs into DHM systems is achievable and valuable. Findings suggest key factors are collaboration between DMs and GPs at local, state, and national levels of DHM in planning and preparedness for the next disaster. A resilient health care system that maximizes capacity of all available local health resources in disasters and sustains them into the recovery should include General Practice.
Performance Validity and Outcome of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Jeroen J. Roor, Brechje Dandachi-FitzGerald, Maarten J.V. Peters, Hans Knoop, Rudolf W.H.M. Ponds
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 28 / Issue 5 / May 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 June 2021, pp. 473-482
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Objective:
There is limited research examining the impact of the validity of cognitive test performance on treatment outcome. All known studies to date have operationalized performance validity dichotomously, leading to the loss of predictive information. Using the range of scores on a performance validity test (PVT), we hypothesized that lower performance at baseline was related to a worse treatment outcome following cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and to lower adherence to treatment.
Method:Archival data of 1081 outpatients treated with CBT for CFS were used in this study. At baseline, all patients were assessed with a PVT, the Amsterdam Short-Term Memory test (ASTM). Questionnaires assessing fatigue, physical disabilities, psychological distress, and level of functional impairment were administered before and after CBT.
Results:Our main hypothesis was not confirmed: the total ASTM score was not significantly associated with outcomes at follow-up. However, patients with a missing follow-up assessment had a lower ASTM performance at baseline, reported higher levels of physical limitations, and completed fewer therapy sessions.
Conclusions:CFS patients who scored low on the ASTM during baseline assessment are more likely to complete fewer therapy sessions and not to complete follow-up assessment, indicative of limited adherence to treatment. However, if these patients were retained in the intervention, their response to CBT for CFS was comparable with subjects who score high on the ASTM. This finding calls for more research to better understand the impact of performance validity on engagement with treatment and outcomes.
3 - Sustainable Flight Management and Aviation*
- from Part I - Current Status of Global Aviation and Sustainable Development
- Edited by Armand L.C. de Mestral, McGill University, Montréal, P. Paul Fitzgerald, McGill University, Montréal, Md. Tanveer Ahmad, McGill University, Montréal
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- Book:
- Sustainable Development, International Aviation, and Treaty Implementation
- Published online:
- 22 August 2018
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- 06 September 2018, pp 47-61
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Summary
Sustainable civil aviation is significantly dependent on successfully reducing greenhouse gases produced by commercial aviation. Lighter aircraft, more efficient engines and alternative fuels are the domain of scientists and engineers. It is now time for lawyers to act. The single largest remaining barrier to reducing the environmental impact from aviation is legal; literally those impediments that block “as the crow flies” routings or practices, such as “continuous decent.” If environmental targets are to be met, and every milligram of gases emitted due to human activities is taken into account, it will be obvious that legal initiatives proposed herein must be adopted. This chapter argues that improvements in operations to ensure sustainable flight management should continue and new concepts for the purpose of improving flight management should continuously be developed. In this respect, this chapter addresses relevant provisions of the Chicago Convention, particularly articles 1 and 9, which concern airspace sovereignty and hinder the aviation industry’s objective of achieving sustainable flight management, and provides recommendations to overcome those barriers.
13 - Seeking Global Environmental Harmony in Aviation
- from Part IV - Future Directions
- Edited by Armand L.C. de Mestral, McGill University, Montréal, P. Paul Fitzgerald, McGill University, Montréal, Md. Tanveer Ahmad, McGill University, Montréal
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- Sustainable Development, International Aviation, and Treaty Implementation
- Published online:
- 22 August 2018
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- 06 September 2018, pp 282-297
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Summary
Over the last twenty years the number of flights has mushroomed, increasing GHG emissions from airlines and causing crowded skies and congested airports. Competitor jets follow each other across the sky and where an airline might have served a route with two planes in 1992, today it uses three. Both of these practices are routed in theories that argue that business travelers will prefer the airline with more frequent flights.
Proposed aircraft like the 300-seat Large Aircraft for Short Range (LASR) with the potential to dramatically reduce greenhouse emissions cannot emerge in the current climate. This chapter is motivated by regulatory decisions that have supported Metal Neutral Joint Ventures in North America and Europe and by capacity sharing arrangements between competitors on domestic routes in the United States and Mexico in the 1970s and 1980s. Just as such arrangements were used to provide greater consumer choice, it will be proposed that such arrangements could be used in current circumstances to reduce both the GHG impact of a flight and the amount of congestion in our skies.
This chapter proposes legal structures that would facilitate the sharing by two or more airlines of the same large aircraft. It ensures that any inter-carrier arrangement would promote competition between them and further proposes that environmental benefits, in particular a reduction in GHG emissions, be considered as part of any analysis to grant antitrust immunity to a joint venture or merger.
Introduction
- Edited by Armand L.C. de Mestral, McGill University, Montréal, P. Paul Fitzgerald, McGill University, Montréal, Md. Tanveer Ahmad, McGill University, Montréal
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- Sustainable Development, International Aviation, and Treaty Implementation
- Published online:
- 22 August 2018
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- 06 September 2018, pp 1-14
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15 - Corporate Social Responsibility in the Aviation Industry
- from Part IV - Future Directions
- Edited by Armand L.C. de Mestral, McGill University, Montréal, P. Paul Fitzgerald, McGill University, Montréal, Md. Tanveer Ahmad, McGill University, Montréal
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- Sustainable Development, International Aviation, and Treaty Implementation
- Published online:
- 22 August 2018
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- 06 September 2018, pp 312-343
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Summary
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is rooted in the idea that corporations must focus on issues beyond the balance sheet. For instance, CSR has had an impact in reducing child labor in developing countries, making extractive industries more responsible to local communities, and reducing the environmental impact of hotels. It is also applicable to the airline industry where it has promoted various types of positive behavior. In a world increasingly concerned with climate change and that sees as problematic the airline industry release of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at high altitude, regulators are about to set emissions reduction targets for the airline industry. Given that fuel is the single greatest cost for airlines, and that any reduction in fuel consumed involves a consequential reduction in GHGs emitted, the airline industry is generally eager to reduce GHG emissions. However, several emerging CSR best practices in civil aviation have incentivized the industry to become more environmentally friendly in recent years. In this context, this chapter argues that CSR should encourage airlines to go beyond mere self-interest or regulatory compliance in leading the way to meeting increasingly ambitious GHG reduction targets.
Emergency Health Care Demand
- Gerry J. Fitzgerald, Sam Toloo, Joanna Rego, Peter Aitken
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 32 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 April 2017, p. S39
- Print publication:
- April 2017
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Tolerance of Tomato to Herbicides Applied through Drip Irrigation
- Peter J. Dittmar, David W. Monks, Katherine M. Jennings, Fitzgerald L. Booker
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- Weed Technology / Volume 26 / Issue 4 / December 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 684-690
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Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine tolerance of tomato to halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron herbicides applied through drip irrigation. In greenhouse studies, PRE- and POST-applied trifloxysulfuron caused greater tomato injury (14 and 54% injury, respectively) than PRE- and POST-applied halosulfuron (5 and 26% injury, respectively) or imazosulfuron (5 and 23% injury, respectively). All herbicide treatments in the greenhouse studies caused greater injury to tomato than the nontreated. Greater tomato injury was observed in the greenhouse from herbicides applied POST than when soil applied. Tomato injury from POST-applied halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, or trifloxysulfuron followed a linear relationship, with tomato injury increasing with increasing herbicide rate. Tomato photosynthetic rate did not differ among the herbicide treatments (32.7 to 55.0 μmol m−2 s−1) and the nontreated (38.0 to 55.0 μmol m−2 s−1). At 5 to 16 days after treatment (DAT), tomato treated with imazosulfuron POST (0.26 to 0.46 cm s−1) or trifloxysulfuron POST (0.27 to 0.51 cm s−1) had lower stomatal conductance compared to the stomatal conductance of the nontreated tomato (0.65 to 0.76 cm s−1). Chlorophyll content did not differ among treatments at 0 to 6 DAT. At 7 to 12 DAT, tomato treated with imazosulfuron POST (34.0 to 40.1 SPAD) and trifloxysulfuron POST (35.0 to 41.6 SPAD) had lower chlorophyll content compared to the nontreated (39.1 to 48.1 SPAD). In 2008 and 2009 field studies, no tomato injury was observed. Herbicide, herbicide application method, and herbicide rate had no effect on tomato height (73 to 77 cm 14 DAT, 79 to 84 cm 21 DAT) and total fruit yield (62,722 to 80,328 kg ha−1).
Nanoimprinted SERS Sensors for Chemical and Biological Detection
- Guinevere Strack, Michaela Fitzgerald, Junwei Su, Margery G. H. Pelletier, Peter Gaines, Hongwei Sun, Pradeep Kurup, Ravi Mosurkal
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- Journal:
- MRS Advances / Volume 2 / Issue 19-20 / 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 January 2017, pp. 1077-1082
- Print publication:
- 2017
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Herein, we demonstrate a facile, rapid, and scalable method to fabricate polymer-based gratings for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors. To accomplish this, epoxy nanostripe arrays on silicon substrates were prepared using thermal annealing and UV-cross-linking. After preparation of the nanostripe arrays, the surface was briefly treated with oxygen plasma, which decreased the surface energy and enabled the growth of AgNPs on the polymer surface using a simple, low-cost, aqueous-based synthesis procedure. The SERS substrates exhibited a detection limit of ∼1 pM using rhodamine 6G (R6G). In addition, preliminary work with E. coli DH5 showed that the nanoimprinted substrates can be used to obtain Raman spectra of washed bacteria cells.
Anagenetic evolution, stratophenetic patterns, and random walk models
- Peter D. Roopnarine, Gabe Byars, Paul Fitzgerald
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- Journal:
- Paleobiology / Volume 25 / Issue 1 / Winter 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 May 2016, pp. 41-57
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Previous studies have suggested that unbiased random walks may serve as appropriate null hypotheses for the detection of pattern in stratophenetic series. While numerous processes that influence the perceived temporal morphological evolution of a species may yield stratophenetic patterns that conform to the model of a random walk, use of the model as a null hypothesis raises several concerns. First, unbiased random walks are only a subset of a much larger set of random motions, including biased and fractional random walks. Some of these motions could also serve as appropriate null models for stratophenetic patterns. Second, due in part to the fractal nature of random walks, many types of time series begin to resemble random walks statistically as sampling resolution decreases. Therefore, indiscriminate support for unbiased random walks as null hypotheses of stratophenetic pattern leads inevitably to the commitment of Type II errors (incorrect failure to reject a null hypothesis). In this paper we simulate different hypothetical patterns of microevolution using various random walk models and apply the test of the null hypothesis. The frequency of Type II errors increases as stratigraphic completeness decreases, but at a currently unknown rate. Moreover, the test is insensitive to nongradual patterns of anagenesis.
We also demonstrate that a previously published approach is closely related to a standard method of fractal time series analysis and represents a good qualitative test of evolutionary pattern. The statistical variation underlying this method, however, is currently unknown, and further work is required to make it a robust quantitative test.
Notes on contributors
- Edited by David Vincent Meconi, St Louis University, Missouri, Eleonore Stump, St Louis University, Missouri
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- The Cambridge Companion to Augustine
- Published online:
- 05 July 2014
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- 05 June 2014, pp xiii-xviii
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Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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