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37 results

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  • 1 - Lessons of Keynes’s Economic Consequences in a Turbulent Century

  • Edited by Patricia Clavin, University of Oxford, Giancarlo Corsetti, University of Cambridge, Maurice Obstfeld, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, Adam Tooze, Columbia University, New York
  • Book:
    Keynes's <i>Economic Consequences of the Peace</i> after 100 Years
    Published online:
    14 December 2023
    Print publication:
    25 January 2024, pp 1-56

  • Summary

    Just over a century old, John Maynard Keynes’s The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) remains a seminal document of the twentieth century. At the time, the book was a prescient analysis of political events to come. In the decades that followed, this still controversial text became an essential ingredient in the unfolding of history. In this essay, we review the arc of experience since 1919 from the perspective of Keynes’s influence and his changing understanding of economics, politics, and geopolitics. We identify how he, his ideas, and this text became key reference points during times of turbulence as actors sought to manage a range of shocks. Near the end of his life, Keynes would play a central role in planning the world economy’s reconstruction after World War II. We argue that the “global order” that evolved since then, marked by increasingly polarized societies, leaves the community of nations ill prepared to provide key global public goods or to counter critical collective threats.

Keynes's Economic Consequences of the Peace after 100 Years
  • Polemics and Policy
  • Edited by Patricia Clavin, Giancarlo Corsetti, Maurice Obstfeld, Adam Tooze
  • Published online:
    14 December 2023
    Print publication:
    25 January 2024
  • The Economic Consequences of the Peace is one of the most famous books in the history of economic thought. It is also one of the most polemical. Published as a response to what Keynes saw as the grave errors of the Treaty of Versailles, the book predicted that war reparations and other harsh terms imposed on Germany would lead to its collapse, which in turn would lead to devastating consequences for Europe and the wider world. Predictions that we now know to have been all too accurate. Keynes's Economic Consequences of the Peace after 100 Years brings together an international team of experts to assess the legacy of Keynes's best-selling work. It compiles a series of wide-ranging chapters, exploring the varied influence of his ideas and policy contributions. Written in an accessible style, it recovers the importance of this history and examines the continued relevance of Keynes's controversial book.

  • 3 - Habit Not Heredity

  • from Part I - General
  • Edited by Barry Eichengreen, University of California, Berkeley, Andreas Kakridis, Bank of Greece and Panteion University, Athens
  • Book:
    The Spread of the Modern Central Bank and Global Cooperation
    Published online:
    02 November 2023
    Print publication:
    16 November 2023, pp 57-79

  • Summary

    The chapter describe the pivotal role of central banks in stabilizing the international system after 1918. It explains how central bankers were drawn into peace-making efforts, although they had no formal role either in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, or in the League of Nations, the world’s first multipurpose international organization that was set up in the wake of the war. In the 1920s, central banks would play a pivotal role in global governance, aided by the League’s Economic and Financial Organization (EFO), a forerunner of the institutions created at Bretton Woods after the Second World War. The EFO was instrumental in stabilization of central and eastern Europe, helping also to establish new central banks in the region. The chapter concludes by exploring the significance of central bankers’ breach with the EFO after 1928, the creation of the Bank of International Settlements, and the legacy of these developments for global order in the second half of the 20th century.

  • Histories and Futures of Business in a Turbulent World

  • Patricia Clavin
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 97 / Issue 3 / Autumn 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 September 2023, pp. 605-613
    Print publication:
    Autumn 2023

  • When it comes to events that have marked turning points in the relationship between global governance and business history, I have focused on the role of international crises to understand the forces shaping relations between firms, states, and global governance frameworks. Such an approach stems from the fact that I am primarily an historian of international relations, and much of my research and writing is concentrated on European and global history in the period from about 1880 to 1950. For me, the origins and course of the two world wars and the Cold War have been as important as crises of capitalism, such as the Great Depression.

Internationalisms
  • A Twentieth-Century History
  • Edited by Glenda Sluga, Patricia Clavin
  • Published online:
    21 January 2017
    Print publication:
    15 December 2016
  • This is a pioneering survey of the rise of internationalism as a mainstream political idea mobilised in support of the ambitions of indigenous populations, feminists and anti-colonialists, as well as politicians, economists and central bankers. Leading scholars trace the emergence of intergovernmental organisations such as the League of Nations, the United Nations, the International Labour Organisation and the World Health Organisation, and the corresponding expansion in transnational sociability and economic entanglement throughout the long twentieth century. They reveal how international thought helped to drive major transformations in the governance of global issues from refugees to slavery and sex-trafficking, from the environment to women's rights and human rights, and from state borders and national minorities to health, education, trade and commerce. In challenging dominant perceptions of how contemporaries thought of nations, states and empires, Internationalisms radically alters our understanding of the major events and ideas that shaped twentieth-century politics, culture, economics and society.

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