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24 - Spinal surgery for patients with congenital heart disease and other associated conditions
from Section 4 - Spine surgery for pediatric patients
- By Patrick M. Callahan, Tunga Suresh, Peter J. Davis
Edited by Ehab Farag
Book:

Anesthesia for Spine Surgery

Published online:

05 June 2012

Print publication:

17 May 2012, pp 405-419
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Trade Wars: Canada's Reaction to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Judith A. McDonald, Anthony Patrick O'Brien, Colleen M. Callahan
Journal:

The Journal of Economic History / Volume 57 / Issue 4 / December 1997

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

03 March 2009, pp. 802-826

Print publication:

December 1997
- Article
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Strange as it seems, the infamous Smoot-Hawley Tariff might have had an expansionary effect on the U.S. economy. Basic macroeconomic principles indicate that the direct effect of a tariff increase is expansionary. This expansionary effect might be offset by retaliatory increases in foreign tariffs. Barry Eichengreen has recently questioned whether significant retaliation to Smoot-Hawley occurred. This article demonstrates that the tariff increases enacted during 1930 in Canada—the largest trading partner of the United States—were in direct response to Smoot-Hawley. The conventional wisdom that Smoot-Hawley hurt the U.S. economy may be right after all.

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