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Enforceable promises occur when the promisor can no longer revise her promise because a promise is intended to, and has, changed the promisee's decisions.
Contractual obligations are excused when unaddressed post-contracting events occur, but the excuse depends on how the parties divided the risk of post-contracting events.
An introduction to the idea that reasoning about a promisor's obligations is similar for promisors and for courts, making the normativity of law match the normativity of practical reasoning.
Tort law applies values-balancing reasoning to determine relational obligations; this chapter shows that the same reasoning applies to good faith obligations and contract interpretation.
Although economic theories capture the relationality and contextuality of promising, they produce more than one determinate outcome and need to be completed with values-balancing reasoning.
Disputes over promising and contracting arise from contextual tension between a promisor's self-directed goals and her commitments to the relationship.
Consumer contracts separate the core terms of the exchange and the terms suggested by the seller, forcing sellers to be other-regarding and to avoid terms that are unfair or one-sided.
The sociology of contracting confirms that successfully relationships rest on other-regarding behavior, motivated by internal or external forces, which determines trust and order without law.
This chapter establishes the gap between reasoning from authority and the resolution of promisoory disputes,whether authority is found in rules, doctrine, standards, legal concepts, or theory.