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41 results

Page 1 of 3

  • THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS SOCIETY AT FIFTY: WHAT KIND OF DIVERSITY?

  • Philippe Fontaine
  • Journal:
    Journal of the History of Economic Thought / Volume 46 / Issue 4 / December 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 April 2024, pp. 535-543
    Print publication:
    December 2024
    • Article
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  • My first acquaintance with the History of Economics Society (HES) occurred in the summer of 1990 when I attended its seventeenth annual meeting. Organized by the then HES president and now recently deceased Stanley “Todd” Lowry at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, it marked the beginning of my experience with US higher education. Later that summer, I began a two-year post-doctoral fellowship at Harvard University. The economics department still hosted a history of economics seminar—the Kress seminar—though its actual connection with the seminar was tenuous.1 Following the Lexington meeting, the paper I presented was accepted for publication in volume 7 of Perspectives on the History of Economic Thought—a book series that published selected papers from the HES conference. It was my first publication in English. From then on, I kept attending the HES annual meeting regularly and with enthusiasm. I met a number of stimulating people and made some good friends there. It was always refreshing to find myself in the United States following nine months of teaching and research in France.

  • Fifteen - Non-Marine Molluscs

  • Edited by Norman Maclean, University of Southampton
  • Book:
    The Living Planet
    Published online:
    13 April 2023
    Print publication:
    20 April 2023, pp 288-310

  • Summary

    Non-marine molluscs stand out as the major animal group under the most severe threat. Among the 8664 mollusc species evaluated for the IUCN Red List (version 2019-1), 300 are considered Extinct out of a total 872 listed Extinct species. However, only ~10% of molluscs have been evaluated and other assessments of the number of extinct species are much higher, 3000 to over 5000, almost exclusively non-marine species. As for most other groups, threats faced by non-marine molluscs are habitat loss, probably the most important, but also impacts of introduced species, exploitation, generally of less concern, and climate change, likely to have serious effects into the future. Oceanic island species, often narrowly endemic, are especially threatened and constitute a high proportion of recorded extinctions. Anthropogenic activities have caused non-marine mollusc extinctions since prehistory, but threats have increased greatly over the last few centuries and will probably continue to increase. Most mollusc species for which a population trend has been evaluated by IUCN are stable or declining; those few that are increasing are primarily introduced and invasive. Most threatened are oceanic island snails, North American and other freshwater bivalves, and the diverse and highly endemic micro-snails of Southeast Asian limestone outcrops.

  • SMITH AT 300: EMPATHY AND SYMPATHY: LESSONS FOR OUR TIME

  • Philippe Fontaine
  • Journal:
    Journal of the History of Economic Thought / Volume 45 / Issue 2 / June 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 February 2023, pp. 217-219
    Print publication:
    June 2023

  • “Sympathy, however, cannot, in any sense, be regarded as a selfish principle. When I sympathize with your sorrow or your indignation, it may be pretended, indeed, that my emotion is founded in self-love, because it arises from bringing your case home to myself, from putting myself in your situation, and thence conceiving what I should feel in the like circumstances. But though sympathy is very properly said to arise from an imaginary change of situations with the person principally concerned, yet this imaginary change is not supposed to happen to me in my own person and character, but in that of the person with whom I sympathize. When I condole with you for the loss of your only son, in order to enter into your grief I do not consider what I, a person of such a character and profession should suffer, if I had a son, and if that son was unfortunately to die: but I consider what I should suffer if I was really you, and I not only change circumstances with you, but I change persons and characters.”

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Edited by Philippe Fontaine, École normale supérieure Paris–Saclay, Jefferson D. Pooley, Muhlenberg College, Pennsylvania
  • Book:
    Society on the Edge
    Published online:
    28 November 2020
    Print publication:
    10 December 2020, pp 1-67

  • Summary

    At first glance, the 1961 collection Contemporary Social Problems is indistinguishable from dozens of similarly named textbooks. The volume, edited by Robert Merton and Robert Nisbet, was the latest installment in a long-running genre of works aiming to orient American sociology undergraduates to a range of “social problems.” Like its predecessors, the Merton and Nisbet collection featured a chapter-by-chapter march through a succession of named problems such as crime, drug addiction, and family disorganization.

Society on the Edge
  • Social Science and Public Policy in the Postwar United States
  • Edited by Philippe Fontaine, Jefferson D. Pooley
  • Published online:
    28 November 2020
    Print publication:
    10 December 2020
  • The social sciences underwent rapid development in postwar America. Problems once framed in social terms gradually became redefined as individual with regards to scope and remedy, with economics and psychology winning influence over the other social sciences. By the 1970s, both economics and psychology had spread their intellectual remits wide: psychology's concepts suffused everyday language, while economists entered a myriad of policy debates. Psychology and economics contributed to, and benefited from, a conception of society that was increasingly skeptical of social explanations and interventions. Sociology, in particular, lost intellectual and policy ground to its peers, even regarding 'social problems' that the discipline long considered its settled domain. The book's ten chapters explore this shift, each refracted through a single 'problem': the family, crime, urban concerns, education, discrimination, poverty, addiction, war, and mental health, examining the effects an increasingly individualized lens has had on the way we see these problems.

  • 6 - Contested Identities

  • Edited by Roger E. Backhouse, University of Birmingham, Philippe Fontaine, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan
  • Book:
    A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    22 September 2014, pp 183-210

  • Summary

    In 2007, when the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) proposed a new classification in which "history of economic thought" was moved from "economics" to "history, archeology, religion and philosophy", some in the field were up in arms, protesting that this amounted to its destruction. This chapter shows that the changing identity problem of the history of economics cannot be understood without taking account of the changes affecting economics from 1945, especially as the claim that the history of economics is economics has, for many of its practitioners, been central to the legitimation of the field up to the present. Until the 1950s or so, economists had usually attached importance to history, including both economic history and the history of economic theories, but as the discipline became more technical and acquired a more scientific self-image, this view found fewer and fewer supporters within the profession.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Edited by Roger E. Backhouse, University of Birmingham, Philippe Fontaine, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan
  • Book:
    A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    22 September 2014, pp 1-28

  • Summary

    This chapter begins with a rise of the social sciences since the Second World War. It provides the background to their increased consideration in the historical literature in the past twenty five years. In particular, an important part of this history is that the social sciences achieved their more significant place in economic political, social, and cultural life, in large part, through cross disciplinary engagements guided by a common problem oriented approach. The chapter turns to the existing historiography, arguing that recent work has laid the foundations for moving from largely disciplinary histories of psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science to a history of the social sciences as a whole. In the chapter, the author argues for a comparative interdisciplinary historiography of the social sciences. Finally, it explains how the other chapters in this book are organized.

A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences
  • Edited by Roger E. Backhouse, Philippe Fontaine
  • Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    22 September 2014
  • A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences includes essays on the ways in which the histories of psychology, anthropology, sociology, economics, history and political science have been written since the Second World War. Bringing together chapters written by the leading historians of each discipline, the book establishes significant parallels and contrasts and makes the case for a comparative interdisciplinary historiography. This comparative approach helps explain historiographical developments on the basis of factors specific to individual disciplines and the social, political, and intellectual developments that go beyond individual disciplines. All historians, including historians of the different social sciences, encounter literatures with which they are not familiar. This book will provide a broader understanding of the different ways in which the history of the social sciences, and by extension intellectual history, is written.

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