Climate change is threatening humanity’s existence. Youth have the potential and capability to contribute to tackling climate change. The current study aims to examine how school and family environmental education can enhance environmental knowledge, willingness to act, and pro-environmental behaviours among children and young people. The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was utilised on a nationally representative dataset of 2069 Vietnamese primary, secondary, and high school students. The analysis suggests that school- and family-based environmental education is beneficial for improving students’ environmental knowledge and willingness to take environmental action. Notably, the effect of school education is more substantial for cultivating environmental knowledge, whereas family education has a stronger impact on raising students’ willingness to act. Students with better environmental knowledge are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviours only when they are willing to act. If students are unwilling, higher environmental knowledge is negatively associated with pro-environmental behaviour. Building on these findings, we advocate for coordinated educational efforts between schools and families to strengthen students’ environmental knowledge, pro-environmental intentions, and behaviours. Furthermore, we emphasise the need for Vietnam’s education system to gradually shift away from didactic, top-down methods toward more experiential, interdisciplinary, and student-centred approaches that support transformative environmental learning and nurture an eco-surplus culture.

People with disabilities represent a large, underutilized labor force, and while disability employment is increasingly recognized as a strategic human resource opportunity, reports on its value are fragmented. Existing research often emphasizes benefits for firms or employees with disabilities, overlooking other stakeholders and potential accompanying costs. This systematic review synthesizes 45 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2025, examining both benefits and costs across multiple stakeholders, value dimensions, and organizational positions. Findings reveal that most reported values were gain-related and firm-centered. Meanwhile, patterns of intra-stakeholder clustering and inter-stakeholder linkages highlighted the complex dynamics of shared outcomes. Four benefit–cost dynamics were identified, alongside evidence of occupational segregation in low-value job roles. By applying a multi-stakeholder framework, this review advances the human resource management literature, showing how disability employment can be leveraged strategically to create interconnected values, foster inclusion, and support sustainable workforce practices.

The Vietnam National Action Plan (NAP) for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mitigation is a guiding document in the fight against AMR, which outlines policies to slow down the AMR progression and reduce its impact. However, progress in NAP implementation has been uneven. This study implemented 10-stakeholder consultations to explore the NAP implementation through the Just Transition lens with particular focus on tensions, trade-offs, inequalities, and unintended consequences that may inhibit progress. There were 89 participants representing healthcare staff, community members, farmers, drug suppliers, meat handlers, and government agencies responsible for environmental management, sanitation, and hygiene. We used the Just Transition framework to explore perspectives and experiences of NAP implementation in Ha Noi and Nam Dinh province, Vietnam. We found limited contributions of stakeholders to NAP activities and low awareness about its impact. They lacked dedicated resources to implement NAP activities and an effective collaboration mechanism across sectors. Cross-sectoral collaboration has the potential to improve efficiency but may also introduce conflict among stakeholders. Just Transition framing highlights how greater involvement in decision-making and planning could increase visibility, buy-in, and motivation for action among different stakeholders, while making tensions explicit could help with balancing competing interests and ensuring fair distribution of limited resources.

Knowledge of academic collocations is important for academic communication. Examining its relationship with knowledge of academic words and general high-frequency words should provide insights into the relative value of prior knowledge of different kinds of single words for the development of collocational knowledge in academic contexts, thus expanding our understanding of vocabulary knowledge beyond the current conception of individual word knowledge. Yet no studies have addressed this issue, mainly due to the lack of validated tests for academic words and collocations. This study employed three pairs of newly developed tests to measure Vietnamese EFL learners’ knowledge of academic collocations, academic words, and general high-frequency words. Results showed that at the form-recall level, both academic word and general high-frequency word knowledge were positively associated with academic collocation knowledge, with academic words having a stronger relationship. At the form-recognition level, only academic words and academic collocations were positively correlated.

The dhole Cuon alpinus was historically one of the most widespread large carnivores in Asia, but it has declined across its range as a result of habitat loss, hunting and prey depletion. There are few recent confirmed records of the species in Vietnam, and it has been reported as possibly extirpated. Here, we report a new camera-trap record of a dhole in Pu Hoat Nature Reserve, in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed record of the dhole in Vietnam in > 20 years. We are unable to determine whether the record represents a vagrant animal or a remnant population. However, this new record should be viewed in the wider context of the species’ decline across Vietnam. During 2014–2024, in addition to our study, 3,231 camera-traps were set in 1,657 stations across 31 sites that would have been within the species’ historical range but the dhole was not recorded. We conclude that, despite this new record, the species is likely extirpated across most protected areas in Vietnam.

The family is rarely a topic of international politics, but politicised captivity is one of the few domains where familial relations can play a prominent role. Crucially, the families involved generally lack the traditional power resources of wealth or official status that would normally be understood to influence outcomes within international politics. What they do possess, however, is a different set of emotional–political resources that both evoke emotion and invoke a diverse set of social rules concerning emotional experience. To explore our claims, we examine the case of the family of Yokota Megumi, a thirteen-year-old Japanese girl abducted by North Korea. This case both illustrates the potential of emotional–political resources to mobilise action and also highlights the risks that emotional narratives of families can be leveraged by political actors for their own purposes.

This article assesses a 10-month co-created universal school-based mental health (SBMH) promotion initiative for adolescents (10–19). The study combined quantitative and qualitative components. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were conducted in four schools in Tanzania (n = 400 baseline, 488 endline, with 100 intervention participants at both) and eight schools in Vietnam (n = 1,036 baseline, 893 endline and 436 in panel). In each country, ~90 qualitative interactions (interviews and focus groups) were held at baseline and endline with adolescents, parents, teachers and service providers (total = ~180). In Tanzania, multivariate analysis indicated significant gains among intervention participants relative to peers. Emotional literacy rose 9.5% (p = 0.007; d = 0.57). Attitudes toward help-seeking (p = 0.021; d = 0.50) and prosocial behaviors (p = 0.043, d = 0.38) also improved Active coping increased 15.6% (p = 0.006; d = 0.55). In Vietnam, emotional literacy increased 5.3% (p = 0.012, η2 = .019), and positively, emotion-focused coping declined 14.4% (p = 0.032, η2 = .015). Qualitative evidence reinforces these findings, and suggested spillover effects for nonparticipants. Overall results indicate that co-created universal SBMH initiatives can improve adolescent well-being and offer viable alternatives to limited adolescent-focused mental health services in LMICs.

Background: In University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City (UMC), shelf life of sterilized packed items has been followed by time-related principle. However, duration of sterility has not been based on strong scientific evidence. Objectives: To determine the most appropriate shelf life for sterilized products according to packaging material and sterilization methods. Methods: All the experimental and the control samples (surgical instruments and linen) were prepared by four types of packaging materials (peel pouch, nonwoven, linen, and rigid container) and three types of sterilization methods (steam, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ethylene Oxide). After sterilization, sterilized samples were stored at CSSD’s storage and tested for microbial contamination in 07 periods: after 07 days, 14 days, 01 month, 03 months, 06 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Identification of the storage environment (shelf location, temperature, and relative humidity) were recorded as the same time collected samples. Results: Positive microbial cultures were seen in 0.44% (07 samples) of 1,574 samples. Up to 18 months, no organisms was cultured from any sample of (1) autoclaved surgical instrument packages wrapped in peel pouches, nonwoven, linen, (2) Hydrogen Peroxide sterilized surgical instrument packages wrapped in nonwoven, (3) Ethylene Oxide sterilized surgical instrument packages, and (4) autoclaved linen packages wrapped in nonwoven. Organisms detected were both Gram–Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria. Just only approximately 17% control samples grew bacteria. There was no any statistically significant relationship between positive experimental samples and packaging materials, sterilization methods, or storage conditions. Conclusions: Based on results of this experiment, shelf life of sterilized packed items should be still followed by time-related principle in UMC. However, the currently shelf life can be extended to reduce unnecessary costs and increase the usage rotation.

The magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for countries to continuously reflect and improve on their ongoing response. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the guidance for conducting COVID-19 intra-action reviews (IARs) in July 2020. As of November 25, 2022, 136 IARs have been conducted by 78 countries in all 6 WHO regions. IARs are country-led and outcomes country-owned, with the flexible methodology enabling countries to focus on COVID-19-related priority issues in their national and subnational contexts. WHO’s approach to promoting the use of IARs recognizes the importance of 3 learning modalities: countries learning through self-reflection, countries learning from each other, and WHO and partners learning from countries to improve WHO guidance and tools. Moving forward, the value of reflective learning in public health emergencies can be further enhanced by institutionalizing an ongoing learning mindset and translating reflective learning-based recommendations into policy change and action.

A sustainable pathway for valorizing the growing volume of lignin-rich organic feedstocks (LRFs) in emerging economies is to convert them into biochar to sequester carbon and improve soil fertility. However, biochar derived from such LRF may not always show favorable outcomes during soil application. Their interaction with the soil–plant–microbial ecosystem is very complex, and comparative investigations with other common types of biochars are lacking. This study investigated the impact of walnut shell biochar (WSB) and wood chip biochar (WCB) on soil biological properties and crop yield during the growth of Solanum lycopersicum L., and compared them with those of plant waste biochar (PWB) derived from agricultural plant residues. Among biochar variants, only PWB (1% w/w) has increased tomato yield compared to unamended soil. It also showed better carbon mineralization that stemmed from its higher degradability, lower carbon content, and higher H/C ratio. In contrast, WSB showed a relatively higher hydrophobicity, carbonization, and aromaticity that reduced its accessibility to soil microorganisms. Despite these characteristics and higher ash content, WSB did not lower soil enzyme and microbial activity, unlike WCB. At the same time, WSB did not improve crop yield. Mixing WSB (3% w/w) with soil has slightly enhanced the soil carbon stabilization. The high carbon recalcitrance of LRF may necessitate longer aging in soil compared with PWB to showcase any measurable (short/long) benefits to crop yield and soil characteristics.

Let $A\ \mathrm{and}\ B$ be subsets of $(\mathbb {Z}/p^r\mathbb {Z})^2$. In this note, we provide conditions on the densities of A and B such that $|gA-B|\gg p^{2r}$ for a positive proportion of $g\in SO_2(\mathbb {Z}/p^r\mathbb {Z})$. The conditions are sharp up to constant factors in the unbalanced case, and the proof makes use of tools from discrete Fourier analysis and results in restriction/extension theory.

While organisations in various domains increasingly seek cognitive talents associated with being autistic, several barriers prevent autistic people from joining the workforce. One such barrier concerns higher education: compared to their peers, autistic students are more likely to encounter difficulties during college years. Besides challenges with concentration, socialising, or independent living, their specific way of interpreting the world can make their environment appear disorientating and frightening. Yet in inclusive education practices, the role of the built environment – the design of the campus, buildings, and spaces – hardly receives attention. Our study therefore aims to understand college life on the autism spectrum, viewed through the built environment lens. We used participatory methods to explore five autistic students’ experiences at our university and how spaces affect these. The goal was to identify where – in which spaces – they feel most (un)comfortable. We invited a student organisation to use the insights gained to make their main event more autism-friendly and asked participants to assess the interventions. Central in participants’ college life are study, sociality, and retreat. While their experiences are diverse, for all five the role of space relates to clarity (e.g. clear circulation), distractions (e.g. background noise), and possibilities to escape in socially acceptable ways. Predictability and having control are crucial to ease stress and increase comfort. Rather than explicitly suggesting improvements for spaces experienced as uncomfortable, participants demonstrate creative use and appropriation of spaces. We conclude that small interventions can already make a difference. For future research, we encourage addressing autistic students’ real-life challenges and putting insights into practice while respecting the diversity on the autism spectrum. Given this diversity, we also propose different ways to involve autistic people in studies about and with them.

Spatial analysis and disease mapping have the potential to enhance understanding of tuberculosis (TB) dynamics, whose spatial dynamics may be complicated by the mix of short and long-range transmission and long latency periods. TB notifications in Nam Dinh Province for individuals aged 15 and older from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed with a variety of spatio-temporal methods. The study commenced with an analysis of spatial autocorrelation to identify clustering patterns, followed by the evaluation of several candidate Bayesian spatio-temporal models. These models varied from simple assessments of spatial heterogeneity to more complex configurations incorporating covariates and interactions. The findings highlighted a peak in the TB notification rate in 2017, with 98 cases per 100,000 population, followed by a sharp decline in 2021. Significant spatial autocorrelation at the commune level was detected over most of the 10-year period. The Bayesian model that best balanced goodness-of-fit and complexity indicated that TB trends were associated with poverty: each percentage point increase in the proportion of poor households was associated with a 1.3% increase in TB notifications, emphasizing a significant socioeconomic factor in TB transmission dynamics. The integration of local socioeconomic data with spatio-temporal analysis could further enhance our understanding of TB epidemiology.