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Aspects of species life histories may increase their susceptibility to climate change. Owing to their exclusive reliance on environmental sources of heat for incubation, megapodes may be especially vulnerable. We employed a trait-based vulnerability assessment to weigh their exposure to projected climate variables of increasing temperatures, fluctuating rainfall and sea level rise and their biological sensitivity and capacity to adapt. While all 21 species were predicted to experience at least a 2 °C increase in mean annual temperature, 12 to experience a moderate or greater fluctuation in rainfall and 16 to experience rising seas, the most vulnerable megapodes are intrinsically rare and range restricted. Species that employ microbial decomposition for incubation may have an adaptive advantage over those that do not and may be more resilient to climate change. The moderate microclimate necessary for mound incubation, however, may in some areas be threatened by anthropogenic habitat loss exacerbated by warmer and seasonally drier conditions. As with many avian species, little is known about the capacity of megapodes to adapt to a changing climate. We therefore recommend that future research efforts investigate megapode fecundity, gene flow and genetic connectivity at the population level to better determine their adaptive capacity.

The Neotoma Paleoecology Database is a community-curated data resource that supports interdisciplinary global change research by enabling broad-scale studies of taxon and community diversity, distributions, and dynamics during the large environmental changes of the past. By consolidating many kinds of data into a common repository, Neotoma lowers costs of paleodata management, makes paleoecological data openly available, and offers a high-quality, curated resource. Neotoma’s distributed scientific governance model is flexible and scalable, with many open pathways for participation by new members, data contributors, stewards, and research communities. The Neotoma data model supports, or can be extended to support, any kind of paleoecological or paleoenvironmental data from sedimentary archives. Data additions to Neotoma are growing and now include >3.8 million observations, >17,000 datasets, and >9200 sites. Dataset types currently include fossil pollen, vertebrates, diatoms, ostracodes, macroinvertebrates, plant macrofossils, insects, testate amoebae, geochronological data, and the recently added organic biomarkers, stable isotopes, and specimen-level data. Multiple avenues exist to obtain Neotoma data, including the Explorer map-based interface, an application programming interface, the neotoma R package, and digital object identifiers. As the volume and variety of scientific data grow, community-curated data resources such as Neotoma have become foundational infrastructure for big data science.

Socializing a client to the cognitive behavioural model is advised in almost every cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) textbook, but there is limited evidence for whether socialization is measurable or important. The aim of the study was to pilot a written and interview-based measure of socialization to investigate whether socialization to the model can be measured in a sample of young people who have completed CBT. Sixteen participants (mean age 14.9 years, 75% female) completed a semi-structured socialization interview and a novel written measure of socialization. Treating clinicians were asked to provide subjective ratings of participant socialization. The structure and content of these measures was examined. A moderate but non-significant correlation was found between the novel written measure of socialization and clinician rating of socialization (r = .37). The concept of ‘socialization’ is not well understood and the socialization interview presented mixed, unclear results. This may be due to issues with the design, but may also be that socialization, as currently understood, is more complex than can be captured in this way. The important aspect of this study is introducing the concept of measuring socialization and factors that may be important in future research. Socialization to the model is an important construct within CBT but at present is a challenging concept to measure. Future research will need to focus on operationalizing the concept further and refining measures so that it can be accurately captured. Understanding which therapist and client behaviours contribute to the process of socialization could conceivably improve outcomes, but this cannot be done until this area is understood more fully.

We compare rates of surface-elevation change on the Greenland ice sheet derived from European Remote-sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) radar-altimeter data with those obtained from laser-altimeter data collected over nearly the same time periods. Radar-altimeter data show more rapid thickening (9 ± 1 cm a−1 above 1500 m elevation in the north, and 3 ± 1 cm a−1 above 2000 m in the south) than the laser estimates, possibly caused by a lifting of the radar-reflection horizon associated with changes in the snowpack, such as those caused by progressively increased surface melting, as summer temperatures rise. Over all the ice sheet above 2000 m, this results in an ERS-derived volume balance ∼75 ± 15 km3 a−1 more positive than that from laser data. This bias between laser and radar estimates of elevation change varies spatially and temporally, so cannot at present be corrected without independent surveys such as those presented here. At lower elevations, comparison of detailed repeat laser surveys over Jakobshavn Isbræ with ERS results over the same time interval shows substantial ERS underestimation of ice-thinning rates. This results partly from missing data because of ‘bad’ radar waveforms over the very rough surface topography, and partly from the tendency for large radar footprints to sample preferentially local high points in the topography, thus missing regions of most rapid thinning along glacier depressions.

For the past 9 years we have been monitoring the radial velocities of 13 blue stragglers in the old open cluster M67. For the 9 blue stragglers with rotational velocities no larger than about 100 km s−1 we have used the CfA digital speedometers to measure more than 500 radial velocities. To get reliable velocity correlations we use synthetic rotating templates computed from a grid of Kurucz model atmospheres. Four of the blue stragglers rotate too rapidly to allow successful velocity correlations with the CfA instruments. For three of these we have used a CCD spectrograph at Kitt Peak and similar reduction procedures (Morse et al. 1991.

For a sample of halo binaries, we find that the transition between circular and eccentric orbits occurs at a period of at least 18.7 days. This is consistent with the Goldman & Mazeh theory of tidal circularization on the main sequence.

In 1971 Roger Griffin and Jim Gunn began monitoring the radial velocities of most of the members brighter than the main-sequence turnoff in the old open cluster M67, primarily using the 200-inch Hale Telescope. In 1982 the torch was passed to Dave Latham and Bob Mathieu, who began monitoring many of the same stars with the 1.5-meter Tillinghast Reflector and the Multiple-Mirror Telescope on Mt. Hopkins. We have successively combined these two sets of data, plus some additional CORAVEL velocities kindly provided by Michel Mayor, to obtain 20 years of time coverage (e.g. Mathieu et al. 1986). Among the stars brighter than magnitude V = 12.7 we have already published orbits for 22 spectroscopic binaries (Mathieu et al. 1990). At Mt. Hopkins an extension of this survey to many of the cluster members down to magnitude V = 15.5 has already yielded thirteen additional orbital solutions, with the promise of many more to come.

New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea supports 14 endemic bird species and together with New Ireland, forms an Endemic Bird Area that supports 38 restricted range species. Extensive conversion of lowland forest to oil palm plantations resulted in the loss of over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude between 1989 and 2000. However the rate of loss has subsequently slowed (2.2% loss across all altitudes between 2002 and 2014), and much forest remains at higher altitudes: 72% of New Britain remained forested (including secondary forest) in 2014. Despite the ongoing high threat and rich endemic bird fauna, the state of knowledge of the conservation status of birds in New Britain is very poor. We use an unprecedented dataset based on 415 hours of bird surveys conducted in oil palm plantations, as well as primary and secondary forests at all altitudes, to revise the IUCN status of New Britain’s birds. These data indicate that six species of elevated conservation concern are less dependent on old-growth forest than previously assessed. We recommend reduced population size estimates for one species, New Britain Kingfisher Todiramphus albonotatus. We recommend increased population size estimates for seven species: Pied Cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni, Yellowish Imperial Pigeon Ducula subflavescens, Green-fronted Hanging Parrot Loriculus tener, Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua opthalmica, Violaceous Coucal Centropus violaceous, New Britain Boobook Ninox odiosa and New Britain Thrush Zoothera talaseae. Despite our comprehensive surveys, Slaty-backed Goshawk Accipiter luteoschistaceus, New Britain Sparrowhawk Accipiter brachyurus, New Britain Bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri and Golden Masked-owl Tyto aurantia remain very rarely recorded and require further assessment. With ongoing habitat loss, particularly in lowland areas, New Britain’s birds urgently require more attention.

A general constitutive model is constructed and validated for highly concentrated monodisperse emulsions of deformable drops with insoluble surfactant through long-time, large-scale and high-resolution multidrop simulations. There is the same amount of surfactant on each drop, and the linear model is assumed for the surface tension versus the surfactant concentration. The surfactant surface transport is coupled to multidrop hydrodynamics through the convective–diffusive equation and the interfacial stress balance. Only the limit of small surfactant diffusivities is addressed, when this parameter does not affect the rheology. An Oldroyd constitutive equation is postulated, with five variable coefficients depending on one instantaneous flow invariant (chosen as the drop-phase contribution to the dissipation rate). These coefficients are found by fitting the model to five precise rheological functions from two steady base flows at arbitrary deformation rates. One base flow is planar extension (PE) ( $\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}x_{1},-\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}x_{2},0$ ), the other one is planar mixed flow (PM) ( $\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}x_{2}$ , $\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}x_{1}$ , 0) with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}=0.16$ . A small but finite $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$ (a precise choice in the range $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}\sim 0.1$ is unimportant) provides a necessarily perturbation to exclude severe ergodic difficulties and abnormal, kinked behaviour inherent in simple shear for high drop volume fractions $c$ , especially at small capillary numbers $Ca$ and small drop-to-medium viscosity ratios $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ . The database rheological functions are obtained for $c=0.45{-}0.6$ , $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=0.25{-}3$ and surfactant elasticities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=0.05{-}0.2$ (based on the equilibrium surfactant concentration) from long-time simulations by a multipole-accelerated boundary-integral code with $N=100{-}200$ drops in a periodic cell and 2000–4000 boundary elements per drop. The code is an extension from Zinchenko & Davis (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 779, 2015, pp. 197–244) to account for surfactant transport and Marangoni stresses. Massive drop cusping or (sometimes) drop break-up limit the range of $Ca$ from above in the base flows, but there is no substantial lower limitation owing to the absence of phase transition difficulties. At small $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ , even minimal surface contamination may have a strong effect on the rheology. The simulations remain accurate for quite strong drop interactions, when the PE emulsion viscosity is nine times that for the carrier fluid. The model validation against a steady PM flow with a different $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}=0.5$ shows a very good agreement for various $Ca$ , $c$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ . In the three PE and PM time-dependent flow tests, the quasi-steady approximation is found to predict stresses poorly. In contrast, the combination of the steady-state results for PE and PM used in the present method to generate the Oldroyd parameters gives a model with much better predictions for these time-dependent flows.