Adolescents who experience bereavement following suicide are at increased risk for adverse outcomes, including depression. However, there is limited research on the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms or its long-term course among this population. Using a self-reported 3-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) administered across five waves spanning from adolescence to adulthood (1994–2018, with intervals of 1, 5, 7, and 9 years), we identified trajectories of depressive symptoms over a 24-year span in a sample of adolescents (n = 236) who reported at baseline having lost a family member or friend to suicide in the last 12 months. We identified three distinct depressive symptom trajectories: Stable low symptoms (77.5%), initially high but gradually declining symptoms (16.9%), and initially low but gradually increasing symptoms (5.5%). Race, neuroticism, sleep quality, and age were significant predictors that differentiated membership among the three trajectory groups. Implications for developing personalized assessment and intervention are discussed.

We construct the first examples of rational functions defined over a non-archimedean field with a certain dynamical property: the Julia set in the Berkovich projective line is connected but not contained in a line segment. We also show how to compute the measure-theoretic and topological entropy of such maps. In particular, we give an example for which the measure-theoretic entropy is strictly smaller than the topological entropy, thus answering a question of Favre and Rivera-Letelier.

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of maternal low-protein (LP) diet on offspring growth in the chicken. One hundred and twenty Chinese inbred Langshan breeder hens were allocated randomly into two groups fed diets containing low (10 %, LP) or normal (15 %) crude protein levels. Low dietary protein did not affect the body weight of hens, but significantly decreased the laying rate and egg weight. The yolk leptin content was significantly lower in eggs laid by LP hens, while no differences were detected for yolk contents of corticosterone, tri-iodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine. Despite significantly lower hatch weight, the LP offspring demonstrated obviously higher serum T3 concentration, which is in accordance with the faster post-hatch growth rate achieving significantly heavier body weight and pectoralis major muscle weight 4 weeks post-hatching. Expression of 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-HSD) mRNA in the yolk-sac membrane was significantly down-regulated at embryonic day 14, whereas that of transthyretin and leptin receptor (LepR) was not altered. Moreover, hypothalamic expression of 20-HSD, glucocorticoid receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and LepR mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the LP group compared with their control counterparts. In the pectoralis major muscle, significantly higher expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I receptor mRNA was observed in LP embryos. The present study provides evidence that maternal LP diet programmes post-hatch growth of the offspring. The associated alterations in yolk leptin deposition as well as in yolk-sac membrane, fetal hypothalamus and muscle gene expression may be involved in mediating such programming effect in the chicken.

First-principles electronic structure studies based on local spin density functional theory and performed on extremely complex simulations of ever increasingly realistic systems, play a very important role in explaining and predicting surface and interface magnetism. This has led to solving even more challenging problems like the embrittlement of the Fe grain boundary, discussed here. Now, a major issue for first-principles theory is the treatment of the weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in magnetic transition metals and their alloys and its subsequent effects: (i) A major breakthrough in eliminating the numerical randomness for the determination of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy was made with the state-tracking and torque approaches. This now enables us to treat magnetostriction and its inverse effect, strain-induced magnetic anisotropy in transition metal bulk, thin films and alloys, (ii) The magneto-optical Kerr effects and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism are now directly calculated and compared with experiment. In all this work, and more recently, on the first-principles calculations of giant magneto-resistance in multilayers, extensive first-principles calculations and model analyses provide simple physical insights and guidelines to search for new magnetic recording and sensor materials.