Fluridone was registered for use in rice production in 2023, offering a new herbicide site of action for growers. However, little information is available on the degree of rice tolerance to this herbicide. Field experiments conducted in 2022 and replicated in 2023 near Colt, AR, evaluated the tolerance of 12 rice cultivars to fluridone, applied preemergence or at the 3-leaf growth stage, in separate experiments. Each experiment consisted of one cultivar. Fluridone rates included 0, 168 (1 × label rate), and 336 (2 × label rate) g ai ha−1 in all experiments. Visible injury varied between years in all experiments, likely due to different environmental conditions. In 2022, injury following preemergence applications of fluridone was below 25% across cultivars. In contrast, in 2023, injury ≥30% occurred to five cultivars, with a maximum of 58% observed for the cultivar ‘DG263L’. In both years, only three cultivars exhibited injury ≥20% following fluridone applications at the 3-leaf stage. Fluridone negatively affected shoot density, groundcover, chlorophyll content, and days to 50% heading in most cultivars when applied preemergence. When fluridone was applied to 3-leaf rice, at least one of the variables evaluated was negatively affected in two and nine cultivars in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Grain yield reductions of at least 18% were observed from eight cultivars in 2022, and a grain yield decrease from 9% to 49% from eight cultivars occurred in 2023 in the preemergence experiments. Fluridone applied to rice at the 3-leaf stage did not cause a yield penalty to any cultivar in 2022, whereas in 2023, a yield loss occurred from eight cultivars. Yield loss from the DG263L cultivar occurred at the 1 × rate in both experiments, indicating that this cultivar appears to be sensitive to fluridone, regardless of the application timing. Based on these findings, fluridone tolerance is cultivar-dependent. Furthermore, preemergence applications of fluridone to rice should be avoided.

We argue that friendship is constituted in the practice of narration, not merely identified through psychological or sociological criteria. We show that whether two people have, as Aristotle argues, ‘lived together’ in ‘mutually acknowledged goodwill’ can be determined only through a narrative reconstruction of a shared past. We demonstrate this with a close reading of Thomas Bernhard’s Wittgenstein’s Nephew: A Friendship (1982). We argue that this book provides not only an illustration but also an enactment of the practice of friendship as the urge to redeem—and thus to instantiate—Aristotelian suzên (‘living together’) by means of its telling.

In this paper we provide an elementary proof of James’ characterisation of weak compactness for Banach spaces whose dual ball is weak∗ sequentially compact.

Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamond growth on (111)-diamond surfaces has received increased attention lately because of the use of N-V related centers in quantum computing as well as application of these defect centers in sensing nano-Tesla strength magnetic fields. We have carried out a detailed study of homoepitaxial diamond deposition on (111)-single crystal diamond (SCD) surfaces using a 1.2 kW microwave plasma CVD (MPCVD) system employing methane/hydrogen/nitrogen/oxygen gas phase chemistry. We have utilized Type Ib (111)-oriented single crystal diamonds as seed crystals in our study. The homoepitaxially grown diamond films were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The nitrogen concentration in the plasma was carefully varied between 0 and 1500 ppm while a ppm level of silicon impurity is present in the plasma from the quartz bell jar. The concentration of N-V defect centers with PL zero phonon lines (ZPL) at 575nm and 637nm and the Si-defect center with a ZPL at 737nm were experimentally detected from a variation in CVD growth conditions and were quantitatively studied. Altering nitrogen and oxygen concentration in the plasma was observed to directly affect N-V and Si-defect incorporation into the (111)-oriented diamond lattice and these findings are presented.

In the Summer of 1901 I found in a pasture, between Oxlow Rake and Cop Round (IX S.E.), some blocks of Toadstone in a bed of clay that has all the characteristics of decomposed Toad-stone. The clay was being dug for puddling a new mere, and the deposit is well known to natives. I traced the outcrop south-west to Starvehouse Mine, and my inference that the clay was decomposed Toadstone was soon verified by the Toadstone itself coming to day-light and replacing the clay. I did nothing more that year, but in the Summer of last year I continued to follow the bed, and have traced it as far as Bushy Heath House (XV N.E.), a distance of about two miles from its starting-point.

The outcrop starts as a clay bed, at the southern end of an enclosure called Old Moor (IX S.E.), at a point about 50 yards south-east of two old mine shafts, and where a spring issues from under the limestone scarp, at a height of 1,400 feet above mean sea-level (by aneroid). Thence it runs in a general south-west direction for half a mile, along a line of five springs at the base of the limestone escarpment, to the north wall of Starvehouse Mine (IX S.E.), which it cuts at an altitude of 1,500 feet.

There is no throw at the Starvehouse lode, and the bed contours round the point of Cop Round and crosses Dick Lane 30 yards from the summit gate (1,510 feet); from there it runs south-east with the dip of the limestone to Moss Rake (IX S.E.), the base passing just above the letter n of Piece Barn on the map. It reaches the lode at 1,350 feet.

Six individuals with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) participated in a phase 1 study employing a repeated measures, parallel baseline design testing the hypothesis that error-free experience during word production practice combined with an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor would improve confrontation naming ability. While acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors are safe and delay cognition decline associated with AD, improvement over baseline cognition is less evident; clinically significant cognitive deficits persist and progress. Both animal and clinical research strongly implicate acetylcholine in learning, a form of neuroplasticity. In clinical practice, however, people with AD are given cholinergic medications without concomitant systematic/targeted retraining. In this study six participants with probable AD and taking donepezil participated in targeted word production practice using an errorless learning strategy. Results showed that combining behavioral enrichment training and an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor resulted in significant improvements in verbal confrontation naming of trained items for three of six participants. Differences in baseline dementia severity, living conditions, and medications may have influenced the training response. Detection of substantial treatment effects in 50% of subjects suggests further language treatment studies in AD in combination with an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor are warranted and provide useful information on inclusion/exclusion criteria for use in subsequent studies. (JINS, 2009, 15, 311–322.)

Recrystallization of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films using a line-source electron beam is described. This unique heat source can continuously emit several kilowatts of - 5 keV electrons into a beam 150 mm in length and - 2.5 mm in width, an exposure area which allows processing of 100 mm substrates in a single pass. An attractive aspect of this beam is the ability to control the beam profile, which in turn allows one to influence the thermal gradients present during recrystallization. Using a tightly focussed beam to recrystallize the SOI layer results in a film whose physical properties are generally attributed to films grown with a high thermal gradient at the solidifying liquid-solid interface (highly branched subboundaries with a maximum spacing of - 20 microns and several degrees of angular mismatch.) By reducing the gradient at the growth interface it is possible to achieve unbranched sub-boundaries with over 70 micron spacing and less than 0.5 degrees of out-of-plane tilt misalignment.

The Middle English Dictionary inherited from the Oxford Dictionary about 450,000 slips containing Middle English quotations, generously donated to us by the Delegates of the Clarendon Press. We have also about 175,000 slips collected at Cornell under the editorship of Professor C. S. Northup. Before beginning to collect material on our own account it seemed wise to study the material we already had in order to discover just what material was needed to supplement it. For testing the Oxford Dictionary material we prepared what we called a “cross section.” We first selected 150 words which should be fairly representative of the whole Middle English vocabulary. All of the slips for these 150 words were removed from the files and were rearranged according to the texts from which they were taken, so that for every important text read for the Oxford Dictionary we have a sample body of slips running in number from 10 or 20 to 2200.

The scholars who have investigated the history of gender in Middle English have been unanimous in the conclusion that the loss of grammatical gender was the result of the loss of the gender-distinctive forms of the strong adjective declension, the definite article and demonstrative, and other pronominal words. Körner wrote in 1888 : Die angelsächsische sprache unterschied bekanntlich drei grammatische genera, während das moderne englisch das grammatische geschlecht überhaupt nicht mehr besitzt. Der verlust desselben hängt natürlich mit dem verluste der flexion aufs engste zusammen und findet auch hierin seine alleinige erklärung. Bot doch die flexion allein dem sprechenden einen anhalt für die unterscheidung des grammatischen geschlechts; woran hätte man sich sonst noch halten können, als erstere aufgegeben wurde? Denn der zusammenhang zwischen der bedeutung und dem überkommenen geschlecht der bezeichnungen für leblose wesen wurde längst nicht mehr gefühlt. Als daher durch aufgabe der flexion das äussere erkennungszeichen für das grammatische genus fiel, so musste letzteres überhaupt schwinden. Es ergab sich von selbst, dass an seine stelle das natürliche gechlecht trat.