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6 results

  • Crystallographic Orientation Analysis of Nanocrystalline Tungsten Thin Film Using TEM Precession Electron Diffraction and SEM Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

  • Jiwon Jeong, Woo-Sung Jang, Kwang Hun Kim, Aleksander Kostka, Gilho Gu, Young-Min Kim, Sang Ho Oh
  • Journal:
    / Volume 27 / Issue 2 / April 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 February 2021, pp. 237-249
    Print publication:
    April 2021

  • Two advanced, automated crystal orientation mapping techniques suited for nanocrystalline materials—precession electron diffraction (PED) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and on-axis transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM)—are evaluated by comparing the orientation maps obtained from the identical location on a 30 nm-thick nanocrystalline tungsten (W) thin film. A side-by-side comparison of the orientation maps directly showed that the large-scale orientation features are almost identical. However, there are differences in the fine details, which arise from the fundamentally different nature of the spot pattern and Kikuchi line pattern in terms of the excitation volume and the angular resolution. While TEM-PED is more reliable to characterize grains oriented along low-index zone axes, the high angular resolution of SEM-TKD allows the detection of small misorientation between grains and thus yields better quantification and statistical analysis of grain orientation. Given that both TEM-PED and SEM-TKD orientation mapping techniques are complementary tools for nanocrystalline materials, one can be favorably selected depending on the requirements of the analysis, as they have competitive performance in terms of angular resolution and texture quantification.

  • Lesions on DWI and the Outcome in Hyperacute Posterior Circulation Stroke

  • Hye Mi Lee, Minjik Kim, Sang-il Suh, Ji Hyun Kim, Kyungmi Oh, Seong-Beom Koh, Woo-Keun Seo
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 41 / Issue 2 / March 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 September 2014, pp. 187-192
    • Article
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  • Background:

    few studies have addressed the association between the characteristics of ischemic lesions detected by diffusion-weighted imaging (dWi) and the clinical outcome in patients with hyperacute posterior circulation ischemic stroke. this study demonstrates a relationship between the findings assessed by dWi and the outcome in patients with hyperacute posterior circulation ischemic stroke.

    Methods:

    We reviewed data from 118 patients who had posterior circulation ischemic stroke within six hours from the onset of their symptoms. the clinical outcome included early neurological deterioration (end) and a favorable outcome at three months after the onset of symptoms. using dWi, the lesion volume and the number and location of injured anatomical regions were analyzed to evaluate whether the results correlated with the clinical outcome measures.

    Results:

    the number of injured anatomical regions assessed by dWi was associated with the initial and delayed neurological status. Both the total volume and the number of injured anatomical regions associated with end and a favorable outcome. analysis of the location of the injured regions determined that only a pontine lesion independently associated with end. interestingly, four out of five patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy exhibited a large infarction volume but minor symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    in patients with hyperacute posterior circulation ischemic strokes, the lesions assessed by dWi were associated with the clinical outcome, regardless of the initial neurological status. dWi is an effective initial imaging tool for assessing the extent of lesions and clinical outcomes in patients with hyperacute posterior circulation ischemic stroke.

  • Annual Incidence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Newly Employed Nurses at a Tertiary Care University Hospital

  • Kwangha Lee, Min Kyoung Han, Hye Ran Choi, Chang-Min Choi, Yeon-Mok Oh, Sang Do Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Dong Soon Kim, Jun Hee Woo, Tae Sun Shim
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 30 / Issue 12 / December 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2015, pp. 1218-1222
    Print publication:
    December 2009
  • Objective.

    To investigate the annual rate of tuberculosis (TB) infection among newly employed nurses using both tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G; Cellestis Limited) assay.

    Design.

    A prospective cohort study involving newly employed nurses.

    Setting.

    A tertiary care university hospital in South Korea.

    Methods.

    All participants (n = 196) were tested with the TST and QFT-G assay at baseline. After 1 year, the TST and QFT-G assay were reperformed for subjects who had negative TST results at baseline and for all subjects, respectively.

    Results.

    The baseline TST and QFT-G assays were positive for 101 subjects (51.5%) and 28 subjects (14.3%), respectively; 22 subjects (11.2%) had positive results of both tests. Although the overall between-test agreement was 54.9% (κ = 0.151 [95% confidence interval, 0.047–0.245]), agreement improved to 78.5% (κ = 0.462 [95% confidence interval, 0.007–0.917]) for subjects who had not received bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. After 1 year, the TST yielded positive results for 16 (21.3%) of 75 nurses with negative baseline results, and the QFT-G assay yielded positive results for 21 (14.4%) of 146 subjects with negative baseline Results. Collectively, 5 subjects (3.0%) experienced conversion to positive results with both tests, and 32 subjects (18.9%) experienced conversion to positive results with one of the tests. Neither the employing hospital department nor exposure to patients with TB affected test conversion status.

    Conclusions.

    The poor overall agreement between TST and QFT-G results may have been caused by the confounding effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. The annual risk of TB infection among newly employed nurses was at least 3% on the basis of results of both the TST and QFT-G test. Stricter preventive strategies against TB spread should be implemented in our hospital.

  • Time since falling and fear of falling among community-dwelling elderly

  • Soong-Nang Jang, Sung-Il Cho, Sang-Woo Oh, Eon-Sook Lee, Hyun-Wook Baik
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 19 / Issue 6 / December 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 February 2007, pp. 1072-1083

  • Background: A fall experienced by an elderly person is of special note because it appears to hold a reciprocal causal association with the fear of falling. This study attempts to determine the temporal relationship between the fear of falling and falling among community-dwelling elderly.

    Methods: Data on falls experienced during the previous three years were obtained from 732 community-dwelling elderly people. Participants were also asked to provide detailed information about their most recent fall, including the date, time of day, place, circumstances, consequences of the fall, fear of falling, and activity limitations due to fear of falling.

    Results: Those who had fallen within the past six months had over four times greater odds of a fear of falling and approximately five times greater odds of activity restriction, compared with those who had not fallen. The association decreased linearly over time, and became nonsignificant for those who had not fallen during the past 25–36 months.

    Conclusions: The experience of a fall is strongly associated with an increased fear of falling, and the association appears to persist for at least two years. An elderly person who has experienced a fall requires continuous attention to prevent the development of fear as another problem, together with early intervention to counter the fear of falling.