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16 results

  • Predicting antipsychotic-induced weight gain in first episode psychosis – A field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of non-genetic prognostic factors

  • Ita Fitzgerald, Laura J. Sahm, Amy Byrne, Jean O’Connell, Joie Ensor, Ciara Ní Dhubhlaing, Sarah O’Dwyer, Erin K. Crowley
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue 1 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 June 2023, e42
    • Article
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  • Background

    Whether non-genetic prognostic factors significantly influence the variable prognosis of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) has not yet been systematically explored.

    Methods

    Searches for both randomized and non-randomized studies were undertaken using four electronic databases, two trial registers, and via supplemental searching methods. Unadjusted and adjusted estimates were extracted. Meta-analyses were undertaken using a random-effects generic inverse model. Risk of bias and quality assessments were undertaken using Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), respectively.

    Results

    Seventy-two prognostic factors were assessed across 27 studies involving 4426 participants. Only age, baseline body mass index (BMI), and sex were suitable for meta-analysis. Age (b=−0.044, 95%CI −0.157–0.069), sex (b=0.236, 95%CI −0.086–0.558), and baseline BMI (b=−0.013 95%CI −0.225–0.200) were associated with nonsignificant effects on AIWG prognosis. The highest quality GRADE rating was moderate in support of age, trend of early BMI increase, antipsychotic treatment response, unemployment, and antipsychotic plasma concentration. Trend of early BMI increase was identified as the most clinically significant prognostic factor influencing long-term AIWG prognosis.

    Conclusions

    The strong prognostic information provided by BMI trend change within 12 weeks of antipsychotic initiation should be included within AIWG management guidance to highlight those at highest risk of worse long-term prognosis. Antipsychotic switching and resource-intensive lifestyle interventions should be targeted toward this cohort. Our results challenge previous research that several clinical variables significantly influence AIWG prognosis. We provide the first mapping and statistical synthesis of studies examining non-genetic prognostic factors of AIWG and highlight practice, policy, and research implications.

  • Chapter 3 - (In)conceivable Futures: Henry David Thoreau and Reproduction’s Queer Ecology

  • from Part I - Environmental Histories
  • Edited by Sarah Ensor, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Susan Scott Parrish, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to American Literature and the Environment
    Published online:
    10 March 2022
    Print publication:
    17 March 2022, pp 44-55

  • Summary

    This chapter intervenes in ongoing queer ecocritical debates about reproductive futurity by turning to Henry David Thoreau’s engagement with nurse insects and trees. It demonstrates how Thoreau dislocates biological reproduction in both space and time, urging us to attend to a broader range of participants – and a broader range of contributing actions – in our account of the reproductive process. Arguing that such a complex, multispecies understanding of reproduction distinguishes Thoreau from both contemporary environmentalists, whose rhetoric often relies on normative logics of reproductivity, and queer theorists, who often critique such logics, the chapter theorizes an environmental ethic informed by the extant queerness of reproduction itself. In contrast to the contemporary activist organization “Conceivable Future,” which helps women decide whether to have children in a time of climate catastrophe, such a reading of Thoreau offers possibilities for solidarity and social change that customary definitions of reproduction have rendered inconceivable.

The Cambridge Companion to American Literature and the Environment
  • Edited by Sarah Ensor, Susan Scott Parrish
  • Published online:
    10 March 2022
    Print publication:
    17 March 2022
  • This Companion offers a capacious overview of American environmental literature and criticism. Tracing environmental literatures from the gates of the Manzanar War Relocation Camp in California to the island of St. Croix, from the notebooks of eighteenth-century naturalists to the practices of contemporary activists, this book offers readers a broad, multimedia definition of 'literature', a transnational, settler colonial comprehension of America, and a more-than-green definition of 'environment'. Demonstrating links between ecocriticism and such fields as Black feminism, food studies, decolonial activism, Latinx studies, Indigenous studies, queer theory, and carceral studies, the volume reveals the persistent relevance of literary methods within the increasingly interdisciplinary field of Environmental Humanities, while also modeling practices of literary reading shaped by this interdisciplinary turn. The result is a volume that will prove indispensable both to students seeking an overview of American environmental literature/criticism and to established scholars seeking new approaches to the field.