The study of planetary nebulae started more than a century ago. Since then the understanding of these exciting objects has advanced extraordinarily. I present a personal selection of topics to reflect on some developments of PNe research.

The preparation for The International Year of Astronomy 2009 stirred our interest in preparing star parties in Mexico. The lunar eclipse of February 20th 2008 was the perfect event for the first massive observation in Mexico City that attracted over 25,000 people. To accompany this event there were additional attractions: a massive astronomical lecture, more than 100 telescopes were set up for people to watch the sky, exhibits of astronomical images, children hands-on projects, rock concert, dance performance, and chats with astronomers. Already in 2009 a collective program was organized to involve more than 30 sites in Mexico to hold star parties at the same time once a year. These star parties were more in the spirit of science fairs, that include lectures, astronomy exhibits, children projects, as well as concerts and other cultural displays. The scope of each one of them depended on the local support from volunteers and from the local authorities. After the International Year of Astronomy the group that organized these star parties decided to continue its activities. The main attraction in these fairs has been the opportunity to see the Moon, Jupiter and Saturn (if observable) through a telescope. For this program the presence of the amateur astronomers has been crucial. They have brought their instruments to the sites and have generously taught the public how to look through the telescopes and pointed out to the interesting features on the sky.

C46 was a Commission of the Executive Committee of the IAU under Division XII (Union-Wide Activities), then after 2012 under Division C (Education, Outreach, and Heritage). It was the only commission dealing exclusively with astronomy education; a previous Commission 38 (Exchange of Astronomers), which allocated travel grants to astronomers who needed them, and a Working Group on the Worldwide Development of Astronomy, have been absorbed by Commission 46.

The distribution of overall education and culture among the population in Latin America and the Caribbean has a very wide range; this is also the case for astronomical engagement. The route to follow in the strategic plan needs to address this situation, for the different levels of development. In particular, guidelines should be established for the regional node(s) where achievable goals should be set up and evaluated periodically. I present a set of ideas on this subject.

In order to clarify the observed relation between the expansion velocity measured from lines of different ions and their ionization potential, we present kinematical data for several objects. We have measured radial velocities on ESO UVES high dispersion spectra to compare expansion velocities for a set of planetary nebulae.

Commission 46 had held two sessions of business meetings during the General Assembly in Rio de Janeiro. Both of them were chaired by Magda Stavinschi.

Commission 46 continues its task in the triennium, which started in September 2006. It seeks to further contribute to the development and improvement of astronomical education at all levels all over the world through various projects initiated, maintained and to be developed by the Commission, and by disseminating information concerning astronomy education.

We have studied the emission from the core of the Butterfly Nebula. We have tried to interpret the Balmer line profiles, double lines in emission. These profiles are not only observed in M2-9, but are also present in other objects of similar morphology.

It is argued that an important fraction of PNe present large temperature variations that are not due to observational errors nor to incomplete atomic physics. Seven possible causes for these variations are reviewed, one of them is presented for the first time.

In a sample of 30 young planetary nebulae, proto-PNe and other emission line objects we have found 11 young PNe and 2 symbiotic stars that show very broad wings of the emission Hα line (from 800 km s-1 and up to 5100 km s-1). For 7 objects, their first report was in Arrieta & Torres-Peimbert (2002).

This workshop was organized to analyze the present problems of women as astronomers and to focus on possible ways to improve the situation in view of the various contexts in the different countries.

To set up a framework for this analysis the statistical data from the IAU membership (Bergeron 1992) is presented in Table 1. This table only includes countries with 50 or more members and is ordered by the fraction of women participation; values for the overall membership are included.

This review contains a brief survey of the issues that have been the concern of optical and ultraviolet studies of planetary nebulae since the last IAU Symposium on this subject in 1982.

The nature of this review is such that it is not possible to do justice to the wealth of work that has taken place in this period, I will just point out some characteristic examples of the different aspects of the work done.

The general properties of PN of Type I are reviewed. A list of 29 PN of Type I is presented, most of them are bipolar. Their bipolar nature might be a direct consequence of the large masses and angular momenta of their progenitor stars. PN of Type I are He and N rich, their observed chemical abundances are compared with theoretical predictions. A group of Type I PN candidates is presented.