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Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALALs) are leukemias that show no clear evidence of differentiation along a single lineage [1]. ALALs are rare and comprise 2–3% of acute leukemia (0.35 cases per 1 million person-years) [1–5]. They occur in both children and adults, with a male predominance [1,2,4].
ALALs represent a heterogeneous group of diseases. Cases of ALAL mostly fall into two broad categories: acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) [1–5]. The current classification is mainly based on immunophenotypes and genetic features outlined in World Health Organization (WHO) classification system (Table 17.1) [1,2,5,6].
Illustrated with over 800 colour images, this practical guide covers the unique morphology and disease spectrum in pediatric patients, ranging from normal physiologic changes to pathologic states. In addition, it covers newly described pediatric diseases, such as GATA-2 haploinsufficiency and reflects the latest WHO classification for hematolymphoid neoplasms. With the visual format of an atlas, the book provides a quick reference for trainees and physicians in hematopathology, as well as for hematologists and oncologists treating pediatric patients. An online version of the book with expandable figures can be accessed on Cambridge Core, via the code printed on the inside of the cover.