13 results
Resolving the origin of hydrogen-line emission in YSOs with near-infrared interferometry
- Alexander Kreplin, Edward Hone, Larisa Tambovtseva, Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Stefan Kraus
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 14 / Issue S345 / August 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 January 2020, pp. 257-258
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- August 2018
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The origin of the Brγ-line emission in Herbig Ae/Be stars is still an open question and might be related e.g., to a disc wind or the stellar magnetosphere. The study of the continuum and Brγ-emitting region of Herbig Ae/Be stars with high-spectral and high-spatial resolution gives great insights into the sub-au scale hydrogen gas distribution.
We observed the Herbig Be star MWC 120 with the VLTI/AMBER instrument in different spectral channels across the Brγ line with a spectral resolution of R~1500. Using radiative transfer modeling we found a radius of the line emitting region of ~0.4 au that is only two times smaller than the K-band continuum region. This is consistent with a disc wind scenario rather than an origin of magnetospheric emission.
We present near-infrared AMBER (R~12000) observations of the Herbig B[e] star MWC297 in the Brγ-line. We found that the near-infrared continuum emission is ~3.6 times more compact than the expected dust-sublimation radius, possibly indicating the presence of highly refractory dust grains or optically thick gas emission in the inner disk. Our velocity-resolved channel maps marking the first time that kinematic effects in the sub-AU inner regions of a protoplanetary disk could be directly imaged.
Child abuse potential in mothers with early life maltreatment, borderline personality disorder and depression
- Katja Dittrich, Katja Boedeker, Dorothea Kluczniok, Charlotte Jaite, Catherine Hindi Attar, Daniel Fuehrer, Sabine C. Herpertz, Romuald Brunner, Sibylle Maria Winter, Andreas Heinz, Stefan Roepke, Christine Heim, Felix Bermpohl
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 213 / Issue 1 / July 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 May 2018, pp. 412-418
- Print publication:
- July 2018
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Background
Early life maltreatment (ELM), borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been shown to increase the potential of abuse. Emotion regulation is an identified mediator for the association of ELM and BPD with abuse potential. Until now, there has been no study to account for the co-occurrence of these risk factors in one analysis, although BPD and MDD are known as common sequelae of ELM. This is paired with a lack of studies investigating the effects of abuse potential on child well-being.
AimsOur study aims at (a) disentangling the effects of maternal ELM, MDD and BPD on abuse potential; (b) exploring the role of emotion regulation as a mediator; and (c) testing for intergenerational effects of abuse potential on child psychopathology.
MethodThe research design included 114 mothers with/without ELM, BPD and MDD in remission and their children, all of which were between 5 and 12 years of age. A path analysis was conducted to investigate the multiple associations between our variables.
ResultsELM, MDD and BPD were all associated with abuse potential, with emotion regulation acting as a mediator for BPD and MDD. Furthermore, an elevated abuse potential was related to higher psychopathology in the child.
ConclusionsHistory of ELM as well as the common sequelae, BPD and MDD, pose risks for child abuse. Our findings suggest improvement of emotion regulation as a potential target for intervention programs. These programs should also aim at non-substantiated cases because even an elevated abuse potential affected child mental health.
Declaration of interestNone.
A glacio-chemical characterization of the new EPICA deep-drilling site on Amundsenisen, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
- Fidan Göktas, Hubertus Fischer, Hans Oerter, Rolf Weller, Stefan Sommer, Heinz Miller
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- Journal:
- Annals of Glaciology / Volume 35 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2017, pp. 347-354
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In the framework of the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) a glacio-chemical pre-site survey was carried out in Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica, to investigate seasonal and spatial variations. All ion species show pronounced seasonal cycles with the exception of nitrate, which is subject to post-depositional alterations. Sea salt reaches maximum concentrations in late winter/spring, while sulphate, being mainly of marine biogenic origin, shows a double peak with high concentrations both in autumn and in late spring/summer. Methanesulphonate (MSA) also shows a strong autumn peak but only slight indications of a second peak in late spring/summer, as seen for sulphate. Due to post-depositional changes, the seasonal cycle of MSA vanishes further down in the firn. These changes are also reflected in the spatial distribution of MSA. While surface MSA concentrations decline with altitude and higher accumulation rates, concentrations of aged snow show a strong increase with higher accumulation rates in our ice cores. Non-sea-salt sulphate shows a 40% decrease with an increase in snow accumulation of about 80% in recent and aged snow. While the geographical variation is negligible for average nitrate concentrations, sea salt shows an exponential decline with altitude. the outcome of this study confirms that the data of the new EPICA deep drilling site in DML (75˚00.10’ S, 0˚04.07’ E) will be representative for this region, and high-resolution analytical methods will allow accurate stratigraphic dating of a deep ice core.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis
- Sven G. Meuth, Stefan Bittner, Heinz Wiendl
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- Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 21 / Issue S2 / June 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 June 2014, pp. 27-34
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is regarded as a prototypic inflammatory autoimmune central nervous system disorder causing neurological disability in young adults. Recommended basic immunomodulatory therapies of MS are currently interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. Both have proven to be clinically and paraclinically effective and clinical evidence suggests that treatment should be initiated as early as possible.
However, despite the fact that therapeutic options for MS have significantly been widened over the past decade there is still tremendous activity in the search for new treatment options for MS.
One important development in the field is reflected by the substantial number of promising results for oral therapies. Various phase III clinical trials are currently being initiated or are already underway evaluating the efficacy of a variety of orally administered agents, including cladribine, teriflunomide, laquinimod, fingolimod and fumaric acid. It is hoped that these oral therapies for MS further broaden our armament for MS therapy.
Ultrafiltration of Bone Samples is Neither the Problem nor the Solution
- Réka-Hajnalka Fülöp, Stefan Heinze, Svetlana John, Janet Rethemeyer
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- Radiocarbon / Volume 55 / Issue 2 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 February 2016, pp. 491-500
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- 2013
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We conducted analyses to identify the most suitable bone pretreatment protocol to be used by the recently established Radiocarbon Laboratory at the University of Cologne, CologneAMS. In 2 sets of analyses, we determined 14C ages for subsamples taken from 3 14C bone standards (Oxford Mammoth, VIRI I, and VIRI H) complemented by age determinations of 12 unknown bone samples. Our results suggest that the strength and duration of the acid and alkali steps and the temperature of gelatinization might have a larger influence on the obtained ages than the presence or absence of ultrafiltration as a pretreatment step.
Social Psychiatry in Germany in the Twentieth Century: Ideas and Models
- Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach, Stefan Priebe
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- Medical History / Volume 48 / Issue 4 / 01 October 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 July 2012, pp. 449-472
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In the first decades of the twentieth century, German-language papers were published which included the term “soziale Psychiatrie” in their titles. At the same time modern concepts of extramural psychiatric care were being developed. Yet, the meaning of “sozial” (“social” in English) varied widely. This was partly due to its ambiguity. “Social” can be used in the sense of small communities or the wider public; it refers to interpersonal relationships, or to relationships between individuals and social groups or other communities. According to this latter meaning, “social” can emphasize the interests of social groups rather than those of the individual. This is how the term was used at the end of the 1920s and during the National Socialist era. On the other hand, “social” may indicate a friendly and humane intention, a philanthropic approach. It was in this sense that the term was widely used in the 1970s when philanthropic psychiatrists and others called for psychiatric reform and the closure or downsizing of asylums for the mentally ill. Moreover, in association with psychiatry, it can mean both the social dimension of mental illness (including the aetiology) that is assumed to lie in human relationships and in social circumstances, and the social and economic effects of mental illness. In parallel with these shifting meanings of the term “social”, the established models of twentieth-century ambulant psychiatric care also showed a variety of structural characteristics.
Diabrotica-resistant Bt-maize DKc5143 event MON88017 has no impact on the field densities of the leafhopper Zyginidia scutellaris
- Stefan Rauschen, Eva Schultheis, Heinz Hunfeld, Frank Schaarschmidt, Ingolf Schuphan, Sabine Eber
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- Journal:
- Environmental Biosafety Research / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / April 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 February 2011, pp. 87-99
- Print publication:
- April 2010
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Auchenorrhyncha (planthoppers and leafhoppers) are herbivorous organisms that can ingest Cry proteins from genetically engineered Bt-crops depending on their feeding behaviour. Consequently, they might be directly affected by non-target Bt-protein action and more importantly serve as a source of Cry protein exposure to beneficial predatory arthropods. During a three year field study, we surveyed the community of Auchenorrhyncha in Diabrotica-resistant Bt-maize DKc5143-Bt (event MON88017), its near-isogenic line and two conventional hybrids using sweep netting and custom made sticky traps. Zyginidia scutellaris (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) represented more than 60% of all captured individuals, indicating that it is the dominant leafhopper within the maize community. The statistical analysis of Z. scutellaris data using confidence intervals for the ratios of mean abundance showed no consistent differences between the Bt-maize and the near-isogenic cultivar, indicating no negative impact of event MON88017. The two conventional hybrids Benicia and DK315 exhibited differences in terms of Z. scutellaris densities, which were greater than those observed between MON88017 and the near-isogenic line, but also not consistent over the years. Six more species accounted for an additional 39% of all captured specimens, while ten more species were found only as single individuals and can be considered vagrants from neighbouring habitats. These results inform future field work on the non-target impact of Bt-maize on this group of arthropods and monitoring approaches to assess biological control function by surveying herbivore communities.
Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Selective Targeting of Cells
- Wolfgang Tremel, Mohammed Ibrahim Shukoor, Filipe Natalio, Thomas Schladt, Matthias Barz, Muhammad Nawaz Tahir, Stefan Weber, Rudolf Zentel, Laura Maria Schreiber, Jürgen Brieger, Heinz Christoph Schröder, Werner Müller
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1241 / 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 January 2011, 1241-XX05-03
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- 2009
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Initiation of pathways that lead to proliferation and chemoresistance by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is an important factor in cancer progression. Here, we show the response of human cancer cells to TLR signaling inevitably linked to tumor biology. The approach is based on tailored multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles equipped with pathogen-derived ligands (CpG) functioning as TLR agonists (molecular component) to investigate the impact of transcription factor immune activation on human cancer cells. Magnetic nanoparticles (MnO and bifunctional Au-MnO) particles were covalently coated with a multifunctional polymer, displaying no cytotoxicity, to being able to enter cells while carrying foreign DNA (unmethylated CpG) to recognize intracellular TLR 9. Both, the particle and the nucleic acid are tagged with fluorescent markers for simultaneous visualization inside the cell. Apart from optical imaging, the magnetism of the particles also allows magnetic resonance imaging of organisms.
7 - The neuroendocrine response to global ischemia and reperfusion
- from Part II - Basic science
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- By Martin W. Dünser, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, Stefan Jochberger, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, Karl-Heinz Stadlbauer, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria, Volker Wenzel, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Edited by Norman A. Paradis, University of Colorado, Denver, Henry R. Halperin, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Karl B. Kern, University of Arizona, Volker Wenzel, Douglas A. Chamberlain, Cardiff University
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- Book:
- Cardiac Arrest
- Published online:
- 06 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 18 October 2007, pp 128-162
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Summary
The neuroendocrine system
Early during evolution, the neuroendocrinium developed as its own organ system. With its numerous intercellularand inter-organ mediators, the hormones, it fulfills important functions to synchronize and connect organs and tissues. Likewise, during stress, the neuroendocrine system, as a complex orchestra with not yet fully understood interactive mechanisms, plays one of the most important roles in the body's adaptation to harmful events, such as injury or disease.
Operational definitions (by Jacobo Wortsman, M.D.)
In general terms the endocrine system comprises hormone-producing organs (glands) that regulate the function of other organs. On functional activation, endocrine organs release their secretory products into the blood. Thus, activation can be assumed to occur when there is evidence of increased hormone concentrations in plasma.
Stress may be defined as any changes in the external or internal environment that elicit a highly organized and synchronized neuroendocrine response. Whereas changes in the internal environment can be quantified according to the degree of interference with homeostasis, changes in the external environment (psychologic stress) cannot be quantified in this manner. Thus, the description of stress must include both the nature of the stressful stimulus and the subsequent functional changes. Nevertheless, because of the universal and severe organ involvement during cardiac arrest, it can be safely assumed that this condition per se represents a stress of maximal degree, without consideration of hormone levels.
The term neuroendocrine response, as used in the description of endocrine reactions to stress, emphasizes the regulatory control placed by the hypothalamus over the entire endocrine system.
Large-scale software integration for spoken language and multimodal dialog systems
- GERD HERZOG, ALASSANE NDIAYE, STEFAN MERTEN, HEINZ KIRCHMANN, TILMAN BECKER, PETER POLLER
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- Journal:
- Natural Language Engineering / Volume 10 / Issue 3-4 / September 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 October 2004, pp. 283-305
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The development of large-scale dialog systems requires a flexible architecture model and adequate software support to cope with the challenge of system integration. This contribution
Our current work in the context of the SmartKom project has been funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under grant 01 IL 905 K7. presents a general framework for building integrated natural-language and multimodal dialog systems. Our approach relies on a distributed component model that enables flexible re-use and extension of existing software modules and is able to deal with a heterogeneous software environment. A practical result of our research is the development of a sophisticated integration platform, called MULTIPLATFORM, which is based on the proposed framework. This MULTIPLATFORM testbed has been used in various large and mid-size research projects to develop integrated system prototypes.
Ultrathin Zirconium Dioxide Chemically Deposited at a Low Thermal Budget
- Stefan Harasek, Heinz D. Wanzenboeck, Helmut Langfischer, Emmerich Bertagnolli
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 745 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 February 2011, N5.7
- Print publication:
- 2002
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We report on metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of ultrathin zirconium dioxide on (100) silicon. Special emphasis is put on the evolution of surface topography and the impact of processing parameters on the chemical composition of the films. Electrical characterization by means of MOS structures has been performed to assess the interface quality and the dielectric properties of the layers. Interface trap density is observed to be around 5.1011 cm-2.eV-1 at midgap for (100)-oriented substrates. Leakage currents in the ultrathin regime are significantly reduced compared to equivalent SiO2-layers. Trap density and leakage current are strongly sensitive to annealing in different atmospheres. However, electrical characteristics are shown to be positively affected rather by annealing in slightly reducing than in oxidizing atmospheres. All temperatures throughout the gate insulator formation process do not need to exceed 650°C, and thus allow to keep the thermal budget low.
FIB-TEM Characterization of Locally Restricted Implantation Damage
- Heinz D. Wanzenboeck, Stefan Harasek, Wolfgang Brezna, Alois Lugstein, Helmut Langfischer, Emmerich Bertagnolli, Ulf Grabner, Gerold Hammer, Peter Pongratz
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 738 / 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 February 2011, G7.14
- Print publication:
- 2002
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Imaging critical features by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides a versatile approach for nanostructure characterization. The combination of focused ion beam (FIB) technology for exposing defective sites beneath the surface is shown. Reliability testing and defect analysis by localized characterization of multilayered structures is demonstrated. TEM-imaging of a transistor gate with a locally confined radiation damage demonstrates target preparation by FIB yielding high-resolution TEM samples. The TEM imaging requires a longer sample preparation but provides high image quality (TEM). Investigation of materials previously processed with FIB revealed amorphization damage by the high energetic Ga-ion beam. This damage layer with a thickness in the range of 50 to 100 nm was confirmed in simulation. This disadvantageous damage by amorphization originating from FIB preparation of the cross-section could be removed by soft sputtering with a 250 V Ar+ ion beam. This combined method using FIB for microsample preparation and TEM for imaging and analysis was proven to be a powerful tool the exploitation of nanostructured devices and for defect analysis on a highly localized scale.