Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent liver condition worldwide, affecting approximately 30% of the population globally. MASLD often coexists with hypertension, central obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia, yet globally, national treatment strategies are still being established. Pharmacological options are limited and lifestyle modification to achieve weight loss through combining diet, physical activity (PA) and structured exercise remains the cornerstone of MASLD management. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is an evidence-based dietary approach for MASLD prevention and treatment; however, its application in culturally and linguistically diverse, non-Mediterranean populations requires adaptation. In fact, the need for cultural adaptation for all lifestyle interventions (diet, PA and sleep) needs better acknowledgement and implementation. There are limited interventions which combine all lifestyle behaviours and even fewer that consider cultural safety and appropriateness. Furthermore, limited healthcare staffing resources, geographical location and health system pressures highlight the need for more accessible and cost-effective delivery methods. This review summarises evidence on MedDiet for MASLD in multicultural populations, explores the synergistic benefits of combining with PA and sleep interventions and provides practical recommendations for culturally tailored approaches. Finally, we outline future directions for research and healthcare delivery, emphasising the urgent need for holistic, culturally safe, culturally responsive, efficient and digitally enabled strategies to address the growing global burden of MASLD.

Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is central to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) management; however, evidence in non-Mediterranean populations is limited. This study examined the association between MedDiet adherence and MASLD, hospitalisation and mortality in a non-Mediterranean population. This longitudinal study included 119 536 UK Biobank adults with at least one 24-hour dietary recall and available sociodemographic and clinical data. Diet quality was assessed using the Modified-Mediterranean Diet Score (M-MedDietScore). MASLD was determined by fatty liver index (FLI) at baseline and by liver imaging in a subgroup. Hospitalisation and mortality data were obtained from linked records, with MASLD outcomes identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes. Binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models estimated Odds Ratio (OR) for MASLD and hazard ratio (HR) for hospitalisation and mortality. Each five-unit increase in M-MedDietScore was associated with 19 % lower OR of MASLD as identified by FLI and confirmed in the imaging sub-analysis in a multivariate adjusted Model 2. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower HR of hospitalisation due to liver-related, CVD, diabetes, respiratory and renal disease (all P < 0·05). During a median follow-up of 9·7 years, 5552 deaths occurred. Higher MedDiet adherence was associated with lower HR of all-cause, CVD and extrahepatic cancer mortality and lower all-cause mortality risk in those with MASLD (HR: 0·94, 95 % CI: 0·90, 0·98). Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower odds of MASLD and with reduced MASLD-related hospitalisations and mortality and lower all-cause mortality in those with MASLD. These findings support the role of MedDiet in reducing hepatic and cardiovascular burden in non-Mediterranean population.

Recent changes to US research funding are having far-reaching consequences that imperil the integrity of science and the provision of care to vulnerable populations. Resisting these changes, the BJPsych Portfolio reaffirms its commitment to publishing mental science and advancing psychiatric knowledge that improves the mental health of one and all.

‘Discourses of climate delay’ pervade current debates on climate action. These discourses accept the existence of climate change, but justify inaction or inadequate efforts. In contemporary discussions on what actions should be taken, by whom and how fast, proponents of climate delay would argue for minimal action or action taken by others. They focus attention on the negative social effects of climate policies and raise doubt that mitigation is possible. Here, we outline the common features of climate delay discourses and provide a guide to identifying them.

Significant new opportunities for astrophysics and cosmology have been identified at low radio frequencies. The Murchison Widefield Array is the first telescope in the southern hemisphere designed specifically to explore the low-frequency astronomical sky between 80 and 300 MHz with arcminute angular resolution and high survey efficiency. The telescope will enable new advances along four key science themes, including searching for redshifted 21-cm emission from the EoR in the early Universe; Galactic and extragalactic all-sky southern hemisphere surveys; time-domain astrophysics; and solar, heliospheric, and ionospheric science and space weather. The Murchison Widefield Array is located in Western Australia at the site of the planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA) low-band telescope and is the only low-frequency SKA precursor facility. In this paper, we review the performance properties of the Murchison Widefield Array and describe its primary scientific objectives.

The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) will give us an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the transient sky at radio wavelengths. In this paper we present VAST, an ASKAP survey for Variables and Slow Transients. VAST will exploit the wide-field survey capabilities of ASKAP to enable the discovery and investigation of variable and transient phenomena from the local to the cosmological, including flare stars, intermittent pulsars, X-ray binaries, magnetars, extreme scattering events, interstellar scintillation, radio supernovae, and orphan afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. In addition, it will allow us to probe unexplored regions of parameter space where new classes of transient sources may be detected. In this paper we review the known radio transient and variable populations and the current results from blind radio surveys. We outline a comprehensive program based on a multi-tiered survey strategy to characterise the radio transient sky through detection and monitoring of transient and variable sources on the ASKAP imaging timescales of 5 s and greater. We also present an analysis of the expected source populations that we will be able to detect with VAST.

The target adopted by world leaders of significantly reducing the rate of biodiversity loss by 2010 was not met but this stimulated a new suite of biodiversity targets for 2020 adopted by the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in October 2010. Indicators will be essential for monitoring progress towards these targets and the CBD will be defining a suite of relevant indicators, building on those developed for the 2010 target. Here we argue that explicitly linked sets of indicators offer a more useful framework than do individual indicators because the former are easier to understand, communicate and interpret to guide policy. A Response-Pressure-State-Benefit framework for structuring and linking indicators facilitates an understanding of the relationships between policy actions, anthropogenic threats, the status of biodiversity and the benefits that people derive from it. Such an approach is appropriate at global, regional, national and local scales but for many systems it is easier to demonstrate causal linkages and use them to aid decision making at national and local scales. We outline examples of linked indicator sets for humid tropical forests and marine fisheries as illustrations of the concept and conclude that much work remains to be done in developing both the indicators and the causal links between them.