Face-to-face administration is the “gold standard” for both research and clinical cognitive assessments. However, many factors may impede or prevent face-to-face assessments, including distance to clinic, limited mobility, eyesight, or transportation. The COVID19 pandemic further widened gaps in access to care and clinical research participation. Alternatives to face-to-face assessments may provide an opportunity to alleviate the burden caused by both the COVID-19 pandemic and longer standing social inequities. The objectives of this study were to develop and assess the feasibility of a telephone- and video-administered version of the Uniform Data Set (UDS) v3 cognitive batteries for use by NIH-funded Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) and other research programs.

Ninety-three individuals (M age: 72.8 years; education: 15.6 years; 72% female; 84% White) enrolled in our ADRC were included. Their most recent adjudicated cognitive status was normal cognition (N=44), MCI (N=35), mild dementia (N=11) or other (N=3). They completed portions of the UDSv3 cognitive battery, plus the RAVLT, either by telephone or video-format within approximately 6 months (M:151 days) of their annual in-person visit, where they completed the same in-person cognitive assessments. Some measures were substituted (Oral Trails for TMT; Blind MoCA for MoCA) to allow for phone administration. Participants also answered questions about the pleasantness, difficulty level, and preference for administration mode. Cognitive testers provided ratings of perceived validity of the assessment. Participants’ cognitive status was adjudicated by a group of cognitive experts blinded to most recent inperson cognitive status.

When results from video and phone modalities were combined, the remote assessments were rated as pleasant as the inperson assessment by 74% of participants. 75% rated the level of difficulty completing the remote cognitive assessment the same as the in-person testing. Overall perceived validity of the testing session, determined by cognitive assessors (video = 92%; phone = 87.5%), was good. There was generally good concordance between test scores obtained remotely and in-person (r = .3 -.8; p < .05), regardless of whether they were administered by phone or video, though individual test correlations differed slightly by mode. Substituted measures also generally correlated well, with the exception of TMT-A and OTMT-A (p > .05). Agreement between adjudicated cognitive status obtained remotely and cognitive status based on in-person data was generally high (78%), with slightly better concordance between video/in-person (82%) vs phone/in-person (76%).

This pilot study provided support for the use of telephone- and video-administered cognitive assessments using the UDSv3 among individuals with normal cognitive function and some degree of cognitive impairment. Participants found the experience similarly pleasant and no more difficult than inperson assessment. Test scores obtained remotely correlated well with those obtained in person, with some variability across individual tests. Adjudication of cognitive status did not differ significantly whether it was based on data obtained remotely or in-person. The study was limited by its’ small sample size, large test-retest window, and lack of randomization to test-modality order. Current efforts are underway to more fully validate this battery of tests for remote assessment. Funded by: P30 AG072947 & P30 AG049638-05S1

There is a pressing need for sensitive, non-invasive indicators of cognitive impairment in those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One group at an increased risk for AD is APOEε4 carriers. One study found that cognitively normal APOEε4 carriers are less likely to produce low frequency (i.e., less common) words on semantic fluency tasks relative to non-carriers, but this finding has not yet been replicated. This study aims to replicate these findings within the Wake Forest ADRC clinical core population, and examine whether these findings extend to additional semantic fluency tasks.

This sample includes 221 APOEε4 non-carriers (165 females, 56 males; 190 White, 28 Black/African American, 3 Asian; Mage = 69.55) and 79 APOEε4 carriers (59 females, 20 males; 58 White, 20 Black/African American, 1 Asian; Mage = 65.52) who had been adjudicated as cognitively normal at baseline. Semantic fluency data for both the animal task and vegetable task was scored for total number of items as well as mean lexical frequency (attained via the SUBTLEXus database). Demographic variables and additional cognitive variables (MMSE, MoCA, AMNART scores) were also included from the participants’ baseline visit.

APOEε4 carriers and non-carriers did not differ on years of education, AMNART scores, or gender (ps > 0.05). APOEε4 carriers were slightly younger and included more Black/African American participants (ps < 0.05). Stepwise linear regression was used to determine the variance in total fluency score and mean lexical frequency accounted for by APOEε4 status after including relevant demographic variables (age, sex, race, years of education, and AMNART score). As expected, demographic variables accounted for significant variance in total fluency score (p < 0.0001). Age accounted for significant variance in total fluency score for both the animal task (ß = -0.32, p <0.0001) and the vegetable task (ß = -0.29, p < 0.0001), but interestingly, not the lexical frequency of words produced. After accounting for demographic variables, APOEε4 status did not account for additional variance in lexical frequency for either fluency task (ps > 0.05). Interestingly, APOEε4 status was a significant predictor of total words for the vegetable semantic fluency task only (ß = 0.13, p = 0.01), resulting in a model that accounted for more variance (R2 = 0.25, F(6, 292) = 16.11, p < 0.0001) in total words than demographic variables alone (R2 = 0.23, F(5, 293) = 17.75, p < 0.0001).

Unsurprisingly, we found that age, AMNART, and education were significant predictors of total word fluency. One unexpected finding was that age did not predict the lexical frequency - that is - regardless of age, participants tended to retrieve words of the same lexical frequency, which stands in contrast to the notion that retrieval efficiency of infrequent words declines with age. With regard to APOEε4, we did not replicate existing work demonstrating differences in lexical frequency and semantic fluency tasks for ε4 carriers and non-carriers; possibly due to differences in the demographic characteristics of the sample.

The aim of this audit is to assess use of the Mental Health Triage Form (MHTF) at the Royal Cornwall Hospital Emergency Department (ED), during June 2021 and to determine whether MHTF use increases rates of psychiatric-specific information being documented by ED staff. Patient attendances to Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments in the UK during 2020-21 decreased by 30.3% in comparison to 2019-20. However, attendances to A&E at the Royal Cornwall Hospital (RCH) in June 2021 increased by 51.2% compared to June 2020. Psychiatric patients accounted for 2% of attendances to A&E at RCH in June 2021. The Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) have recommended use of a mental health proforma document in line with recommendations from the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) document ‘Treat as One’. Based on these guidelines, the Psychiatric Liaison department at RCH have a produced a local Mental Health Triage Form (MHTF) to be used in A&E when assessing and clerking psychiatric patients.

This was a retrospective audit of clinical records of 125 mental health cases attending the Accident & Emergency Department (A&E) at Royal Cornwall Hospital during June 2021, which were referred to Psychiatric Liaison.

NHS numbers were identified for each referral made during the study period. Each referral's A&E clerking documents were reviewed on an online patient records system. Information was recorded on whether each question in the Mental Health Triage Form had been answered with or without use of the form.

The Mental Health Triage Form (MHTF) was used in 44 out of 125 patients (35%). 15 patients (12%) had missing Accident & Emergency Department documentation on online records. Where the MHTF was used, there was an 25% average increase in information recorded. Over half of the questions on the MHTF were answered more when the form was used versus when it was not used.

Questions relating to the patients ‘Triage Code’, which are used to determine the level of observation, urgency of referral, and appropriate place of assessment, had the highest rates of improvement using the form.

Overall use of the Mental Health Triage Form during June 2021 reduced to 35% in comparison to 46% use during June 2020. This implied that patients attending the Accident & Emergency Department at the Royal Cornwall Hospital with psychiatric presentations were not being assessed fully. This may be due to various reasons such as staff unfamiliarity with the triage form and increasing pressure on Emergency Department services.

This paper used data from the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (NCT02346201) to conduct a planned cost consequence analysis to investigate whether treatment of apathy with methylphenidate is economically attractive.

A total of 167 patients with clinically significant apathy randomized to either methylphenidate or placebo were included. The Resource Utilization in Dementia Lite instrument assessed resource utilization for the past 30 days and the EuroQol five dimension five level questionnaire assessed health utility at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Resources were converted to costs using standard sources and reported in 2021 USD. A repeated measures analysis of variance compared change in costs and utility over time between the treatment and placebo groups. A binary logistic regression was used to assess cost predictors.

Costs were not significantly different between groups whether the cost of methylphenidate was excluded (F(2,330) = 0.626, ηp2 = 0.004, p = 0.535) or included (F(2,330) = 0.629, ηp2 = 0.004, p = 0.534). Utility improved with methylphenidate treatment as there was a group by time interaction (F(2,330) = 7.525, ηp2 = 0.044, p < 0.001).

Results from this study indicated that there was no evidence for a difference in resource utilization costs between methylphenidate and placebo treatment. However, utility improved significantly over the 6-month follow-up period. These results can aid in decision-making to improve quality of life in patients with Alzheimer’s disease while considering the burden on the healthcare system.

Household air pollution (HAP) is a widespread environmental exposure worldwide. While several cleaner fuel interventions have been implemented to reduce personal exposures to HAP, it is unclear if cooking with cleaner fuels also affects the choice of meals and dietary intake.

Individually randomised, open-label controlled trial of a HAP intervention. We aimed to determine the effect of a HAP intervention on dietary and Na intake. Intervention participants received a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove, continuous fuel delivery and behavioural messaging during 1 year whereas control participants continued with usual cooking practices that involved the use of biomass-burning stoves. Dietary outcomes included energy, energy-adjusted macronutrients and Na intake at baseline, 6 months and 12 months post-randomisation using 24-h dietary recalls and 24-h urine. We used t-tests to estimate differences between arms in the post-randomisation period.

Rural settings in Puno, Peru.

One hundred women aged 25–64 years.

At baseline, control and intervention participants were similar in age (47·4 v. 49·5 years) and had similar daily energy (8894·3 kJ v. 8295·5 kJ), carbohydrate (370·8 g v. 373·3 g) and Na intake (4·9 g v. 4·8 g). One year after randomisation, we did not find differences in average energy intake (9292·4 kJ v. 8788·3 kJ; P = 0·22) or Na intake (4·5 g v. 4·6 g; P = 0·79) between control and intervention participants.

Our HAP intervention consisting of an LPG stove, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging did not affect dietary and Na intake in rural Peru.

Increasingly, ambulance services offer alternatives to transfer to the emergency department (ED), when this is better for patients. The introduction of electronic health records (EHR) in ambulance services is encouraged by national policy across the United Kingdom (UK) but roll-out has been variable and complex.

Electronic Records in Ambulances (ERA) is a two-year study which aims to investigate and describe the opportunities and challenges of implementing EHR and associated technology in ambulances to support a safe and effective shift to out of hospital care, including the implications for workforce in terms of training, role and clinical decision-making skills.

Our study includes a scoping review of relevant issues and a baseline assessment of progress in all UK ambulance services in implementing EHR. These will inform four in-depth case studies of services at different stages of implementation, assessing current usage, and examining context.

The scoping review identified themes including: there are many perceived potential benefits of EHR, such as improved safety and remote diagnostics, but as yet little evidence of them; technical challenges to implementation may inhibit uptake and lead to increased workload in the short term; staff implementing EHR may do so selectively or devise workarounds; and EHR may be perceived as a tool of staff surveillance.

Our scoping review identified some complex issues around the implementation of EHR and the relevant challenges, opportunities and workforce implications. These will help to inform our fieldwork and subsequent data analysis in the case study sites, to begin early in 2017. Lessons learned from the experience of implementing EHR so far should inform future development of information technology in ambulance services, and help service providers to understand how best to maximize the opportunities offered by EHR to redesign care.

With improvements in early survival following congenital heart surgery, it has become increasingly important to understand longer-term outcomes; however, routine collection of these data is challenging and remains very limited. We describe the development and initial results of a collaborative programme incorporating standardised longitudinal follow-up into usual care at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and University of Michigan (UM).

We included children undergoing benchmark operations of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Considerations regarding personnel, patient/parent engagement, funding, regulatory issues, and annual data collection are described, and initial follow-up rates are reported.

The present analysis included 1737 eligible patients undergoing surgery at CHOP from January 2007 to December 2014 and 887 UM patients from January 2010 to December 2014. Overall, follow-up data, of any type, were obtained from 90.8% of patients at CHOP (median follow-up 4.3 years, 92.2% survival) and 98.3% at UM (median follow-up 2.8 years, 92.7% survival), with similar rates across operations and institutions. Most patients lost to follow-up at CHOP had undergone surgery before 2010. Standardised questionnaires assessing burden of disease/quality of life were completed by 80.2% (CHOP) and 78.4% (UM) via phone follow-up. In subsequent pilot testing of an automated e-mail system, 53.4% of eligible patients completed the follow-up questionnaire through this system.

Standardised follow-up data can be obtained on the majority of children undergoing benchmark operations. Ongoing efforts to support automated electronic systems and integration with registry data may reduce resource needs, facilitate expansion across centres, and support multi-centre efforts to understand and improve long-term outcomes in this population.