Chapter 5 treats the fundamentals of small-scale fading and the propagation mechanisms that cause multipath, doppler spread, time dispersion, and distortions to transmitted signals in the radio propagation channel. Detailed theoretical derivations and explanations for the small-scale channel impairments are presented with numerous examples. Flat and frequency selective fading, as well as fast and slow fading, are defined and analyzed. Key distributions found in the real world, such as Raleigh fading, Rician fading, and the classical Clarke and Gans model for multipath, are presented. Shape factor theory shows how the classical small-scale fading results may be replicated with excellent accuracy using the first thee Fourier coefficients of the spatial distribution of energy arriving at an antenna.

Chapter 8 presents the fundamentals of speech coding by first considering quantization of an analog voice signal.The time and frequency domain properties of speech are considered, leading to the various forms of speech coding that are used in wireless communication systems.Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) is presented and explained, along with frequency domain speech coding methods such as sub-band coding (SBC) and adaptive transform coding (ATC).A wide range of vocoders and linear predictive coders (LPC) are presented, along with structures and approaches used in practice. The chapter concludes with a number of technical considerations used to select a particular speech coder, and studies the speech coders used in the 2G global standards in Europe (GSM) and North America (USDC and CDMA).

Chapter 11 contains a detailed description of each of the world's most popular analog and digital cellular telephone standards, as well as the most popular digital cordless telephone standards. Treatment includes the first analog mobile telephone standards that were implemented in the United States and Europe, and all of the second-generation (2G) cellphone standards deployed around the world. The most popular digital cordless telephone standards are also presented, as it is useful to see how the concepts taught in all of the earlier chapters of this textbook were implemented in very successful, large-scale commmercial deployments. The evolution of the cellular industry is clearly seen by studying the various standardspresented in this chapter, allowing the reader to understand the design decisions and approaches that are adapted to increase the capacity and reliability of wireless communications. Standards covered in this chapter include AMPS, NAMPS, ETACS, USDC, PDC, GSM,Qualcomm's CDMA IS-95, IS-54, IS-136, DECT, CT2, PACS, PHS, and wireless television.

Chapter 7 provides fundamental treatment of channel equalization, antenna diversity combining methodologies, and error correction/control codes used in modern wireless communication systems. Both linear and non-linear equalizers are presented, along with the most popular feedback algorithms for equalizer training and practical operation, such as zero-forcing (ZF), least mean squares (LMS), and recursive least squares (RLS). These algorithms are applied to the Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) and the Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) equalizer structure.Antenna diversity combining methodsfor Rayleigh small-scale fading channels show the theoretical increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a wide range of antenna combining and diversity methods used in today's wireless systems. The RAKE receiver for Code Division Multiple Access and spread spectrum is also studied. Finally, practical error control codes, such as block codes and convolutional codes, used in today's cellphone and wi-fi standards are presented and analyzed, along with interleaving methods and popular decoding algorithms such as the Viterbi algorithm. Trellis codes and turbo codes are presented, as well.

The fundamentals of analog and digital modulation techniques are presented in Chapter 6. The theoretical underpinnings of the world's most popular amplitude modulations, frequency modulations, and phase modulations are presented. The impact of pulse shape and filtering on bit error rate of a mobile communication system is demonstrated, where Doppler spread creates an irreducible bit error rate no matter how good the signal-to-noise ratio, yet is below the noise created by other aspects of the radio system. This led Europe to select GMSK for the pan-European 2G digital cellular standard, whereas the US selected a pi/4 PSK modulation method originated in Japan that allows both coherent and non-coherent demodulation and a graceful upgrade path for existing operators to adopt the new digital modulation with gradual base station changeouts over time.Capacity and Shannon's limit are defined and explained through numerous examples.

Chapter 9 covers the fundamentals of all multiple access methods used in modern wireless communication networks. FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, and hybrid multiple access methods are presented, as well as asynchronous methods such as ALOHA, slotted-ALOHA, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) and packet reservation multiple access (PRMA). The applications and usage of various multiple access methods are demonstrated, and examples of capacity for different multiple access techniques are presented throughout the chapter.

Chapter 1 covers the invention and growth of cellular telephone and associated wireless technologies, and how wireless proliferated throughout the world. Examples show how the first cellular and paging systems were engineered , and how roaming and frequency reuse enabled the mobile communications revolution.

Chapter 3 focuses on the fundamental engineering principles used to design and deploy modern wireless communication systems. The assignment of radio channels in a mobile radio environment is presented, with considerations on co-channel and adjacent channel interference, and the approaches used to mitigate interference in a cellphone system. Repeaters, cell-splitting, micro-cells, and picocells are discussed, and trunking theory is introduced to demonstrate how capacity is computed in a mobile network with shared resources and in the face of interference.